Events and Movements that led to Modernism

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• started in England and spread throughout Europe and America

• period of change from an agrarian, handicraft economy to

industry and machine manufacture

• made it possible to embellish buildings like never before

Severn River Bridge, Coalbrookdale, England (1779)

• by Abraham Darby

• world’s first arch iron bridge

Clifton Suspension Bridge, Bristol, England (1830-1863)

• by Isambard Brunel

• one of the oldest surviving iron suspension bridges in the world

Royal Albert Bridge, Saltash, England (1859)

• by Isambard Brunel

• unique lenticular truss railway bridge

Brooklyn Bridge, NY, USA (1883)

• by John Augustus Roebling

• first bridge to use steel for cable wire

The Royal Pavilion, Brighton, England (1787-1823)

• by John Nash

• has superimposed cast iron frame

Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve, Paris, France (1845)

• by Henri Labrouste

• first non-utilitarian building to show exposed metalwork

Crystal Palace, London, England, 1851

• by Joseph Paxton

• housed the Great Exhibition of 1851

• prefab steel and glass

St. Pancras Station, London (1863-1867)

• by William Henry Barlow

• largest single-span roof in the world at that time

• facade was designed by George Gilbert Scott

Galleria Vittorio Emmanuel II (Milan Galleria), Italy (1865)

• by Giuseppe Mengoni

• magnificent shopping arcade in Milan in glass and iron

SoHo District, Manhattan, NY (1840-1880)

has the greatest collection of 250 cast-iron architecture in the

world

Flatiron Bldg. (Fuller Bldg.) NY (1902)

• one of New York's first skyscrapers

• first steel-skeleton structure whose construction was visible to the

public

• designed by Daniel Burnham

E.V. Haughwout Bldg., Manhattan NY (1857)

• by John Gaynor

• in cast iron

• the world’s first building to install a hydraulic type passenger

elevator powered by steam engine, designed by Elisha Otis

Home Insurance Building, Chicago, Illinois, (1884-1885)

• by William LeBaron Jenney

• world’s first skyscraper at 10 storeys high

• steel frame with exterior brick finish

Eiffel Tower, Champ de Mars, Paris, France (1885-1889)

• by Gustave Eiffel for the 1889 Exposition Universelle

• built in pre-fabricated iron

Statue of Liberty, NY (1886)

• bronze statue

• gift of France to the USA

• designed by Frederick Bartholdi

• frame design by Gustave Eiffel

Ingalls Building, Ci. Ohio (1903)

• by Elzner and Anderson Architects

• world’s first reinforced concrete skyscraper

Salginatobel Bridge (1929) Schiers, Switzerland

• by Swiss engineer Robert Maillart

• first reinforced concrete arch bridge in the world

Parabolic Airship Hangar, Orly, France (1921-23)

• by Eugene Freyssinet in prestressed concrete

• concept is to create a long span for an unobstructed space

The Adam Style or Federal Style (1780-1840)

• developed in England by the Adam brothers

• became known in the U.S. as the Federal Style

Tudor Place, Georgetown, Wash. DC (1815)

• by William Thornton

• among the foremost Federal-era mansions in the nation