The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

These flashcards cover the major concepts related to the cardiovascular system and blood vessels as presented in the lecture.

What are the three types of blood vessels?

Arteries, Veins, Capillaries.

What is the primary function of arteries?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

What is the function of capillaries?

Capillaries allow for gas exchange between blood and surrounding tissues.

What do venules collect?

Venules collect blood from capillaries.

What layers do arteries and veins have?

Arteries and veins both have three layers: Tunica intima, Tunica media, Tunica externa.

What is the role of the tunica media in blood vessels?

The tunica media is the thicker layer of muscle that helps arteries handle high pressure.

How do veins maintain blood flow under low pressure?

Muscular pumping, respiratory pumping, and valves.

What is the purpose of valves in veins?

Valves prevent the backflow of blood.

two types of portions in capillaries

Shunt and True capillaries.

What is the function of sphincters in blood vessels?

Sphincters restrict blood flow to tissues when blood is needed elsewhere.

How do arteries differ from veins in terms of structure?

Arteries have thick muscular walls; veins have thinner walls.

What happens to blood after it exchanges gases in capillaries?

Blood is collected into venules and returned to the heart by veins.

What is the difference between systemic and pulmonary circulation?\n\n

Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body, while pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.\n\n

What vessels carry blood back to the heart?\n\n

Veins carry blood back to the heart.\n\n

What ensures that blood flows in one direction through veins?\n\n

Valves in veins ensure that blood flows in one direction toward the heart.\n\n

What is blood pressure?\n\n

Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels.\n\n

How is blood flow regulated in the body?\n\n

Blood flow is regulated by factors such as blood vessel diameter, heart rate, and blood volume.\n\n

What role do arterioles play in circulation?\n\n

Arterioles regulate blood flow to tissues by constricting or dilating.\n\n

What are the functions of blood?\n\n

Blood transports nutrients, oxygen, hormones, waste products, and helps regulate body temperature and pH.\n\n

What components make up blood?\n\n

Blood is composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.\n\n

What is the function of red blood cells?\n\n

Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and return carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.\n\n

What is the role of platelets in the blood?\n\n

Platelets are involved in blood clotting, helping to prevent bleeding when injuries occur.\n\n

What are white blood cells responsible for?\n\n

White blood cells are part of the immune system and help protect the body against infection and foreign invaders.\n\n

How does the lymphatic system relate to blood circulation?\n\n

The lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance and transports white blood cells, working alongside the circulatory system.\n\n

Which of the following describes erythrocytes?

A. Transport oxygen via hemoglobin

Which scenario best illustrates the role of erythropoietin?

B. A patient with chronic lung disease develops increased RBC production

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

A. Moving electrical signals through the body

What are appropriate non-pharmaceutical treatments for a sickle cell crisis?

A. Apply hot compress, C. Increase hydration

Which blood component would rise first in response to a bacterial infection?

B. Neutrophils

What is the main cause of anemia?

B. Lack of hemoglobin

Which of the following are formed elements found in the blood?

B. Leukocytes, D. Erythrocytes, E. Thrombocytes

Which of the following are characteristics of a hemoglobin protein?

B. It causes the blood to have its red color, C. It is composed of 4 globin chains, D. It can carry 4 oxygen molecules

What does a thrombus refer to?

C. A blood clot in a vessel

Which situation would most likely trigger an increase in basophils?

B. Allergic reaction

What is the correct order of events in hemostasis?

B. Vessel contracts → Platelets attracted → Fibrin mesh forms

Which leukocyte is the most common in the blood?

B. Neutrophil

When foreign blood cells are recognized by antibodies and clump together, this is called:

C. Agglutination

What percentage of Americans are Rh positive?

A. 85%

A person with type B blood can donate to which of the following?

C. B

A patient with O+ blood receives AB+ blood by mistake. What is the most immediate risk?

A. The donor antibodies will attack the recipient RBCs

What is the function of the tunica media in arteries?

C. Provides muscular strength

A patient reports pain and swelling in one leg. What is the diagnosis?

A. DVT

A 19-year-old woman who is pregnant for the first time is A+. Her fetus is A−. What is the concern in this situation?

C. There is no concern

What is the treatment for pernicious anemia?

A. B12 injections

A patient presents with fatigue, pale skin, and dizziness. What is the likely condition?

A. Anemia

A young adult is diagnosed with prolonged bleeding after minor injuries. What is the condition?

C. Hemophilia

Match the following blood components with their primary function:

Erythrocytes (RBCs): Oxygen Transport, Leukocytes (WBCs): Immunity/Defense, Thrombocytes (Platelets): Clotting/Hemostasis

Which of the following describes the key difference between an artery and a vein?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood toward the heart.

Which types are considered 'agranulocytes'?

Lymphocytes, Monocytes