BIOLOGY SEC E06: Structure and Function of DNA
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Vocabulary flashcards covering the structure, function, replication, and regulation of DNA, based on the Essential Unit 6 (E06) curriculum.
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17 Terms
DNA
The molecule responsible for heritable information being passed from generation to generation.
Traits
Observable characteristics resulting from the information contained within DNA.
Heritable
Information that is capable of being passed from one generation to the next.
Gene
A segment of DNA that determines the structure of proteins and the flow of heritable information.
Gene expression
The process in eukaryotes involving introns, exons, and transcription factors, influenced by internal and external factors.
Nucleotide
The structural unit of DNA consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogenous base.
Transcription
The biological process of modeling the flow of information from DNA (pgs. 277-278).
Translation
The process of modeling how proteins are created to carry out the essential functions of life (pgs. 279-281).
Operon
A DNA structure in a prokaryotic cell related to the expression and regulation of its genetic information.
Intron
A component involved in the process of gene expression in eukaryotes (pgs. 290-292).
Exon
A component involved in the process of gene expression in eukaryotes (pgs. 290-292).
Transcription factor
Specific factors that describe and regulate the process of gene expression in eukaryotes.
Mutation
A change in DNA, such as point or frameshift, that predicts effects on the structure and function of a protein.
Synthesis
The process of biological production, such as the creation of proteins or DNA replication.
Point mutation
A specific type of mutation that can affect the structure and function of a protein (pg. 282).
Frameshift mutation
A specific type of mutation that can affect the structure and function of a protein (pg. 282).
Hierarchical organization of biology
The progression from simple to complex: atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, and biosphere.