scriptures midterm

what is the bible

a collection of sacred writings functioning as authoritative scripture

what does “inspiration” mean

divine revelation expressed through human reflection

languages of bible

hebrew, aramaic. greek

3 parts of hebrew bible

torah, prophets, writings

4 parts of old testament

pentateuch, history, wisdom, prophets

canon definition

closed authoritative list of texts

when was new testament canon finalized

367 CE

canon criteria

apostolic, orthodox, widely used

oldest hebrew bible manuscript

codex leningradensis

dead sea scrolls significance

oldest biblical texts

types of new testament manuscripts

papyri, uncials, minuscules

priestly creation characteristics

order, structure, image of god

yahwist creation characteristics

human-centered, relational

covenant with noah sign

rainbow

theme genesis 1-11

human sin vs. gods persistence

abraham promises-

land descendants blessing

abraham covenant sign

circumcision

sinai covenant type

conditional

law types

civil ritual apodictic causal

what does “bible” mean

“little books”

collection of books

what are major biblical genres

narrative, poetry, prophecy, law, wisdom, letters, apocalypse

what is scripture

sacred authoritative writings guiding faith and practice

two major views of inspiration

verbal distinction and divine-human cooperation

main OT languages

hebrew and aramaic

nt language

greek

3 sections of the hebrew bible

torah

nevi’im

ketuvim

torah contains which books

genesis, exodus, leviticus, numbers, deuteronomy

four sections of protestant old testament

pentateuch, historical books, wisdom/poetry, prophets

what is canon

official authoritative collection of sacred books

functions of canon

defines beliefs, identity, orthodoxy

three stages of jewish canonization

torah→prophets→writings

what is the septuagint

greek translation of the hebrew bible

importance of septuagint

bible of early christians

what are targums

aramaic interpretive translations

what is the vulgate

latin bible translated by jerome

what are deuterocanonical books

additional books accepted by catholics

protestant name for deuterocanonical books

apocrypha

important date for nt canon

367 ce

who listed the 27 nt books

athanasius

3 nt canon criteria

apostolic origin

circulation

orthodox theology

what are autographs

original manuscripts

do autographs survive

no

what is the masoretic text

standard hebrew biblical text

what is codex leningradensis

oldest complete hebrew bible manuscript

importance of dead sea scrolls

older manuscripts showing textual variation

where were dead sea scrolls found

qumran

what are papyri

earliest nt manuscripts on papyrus

what are uncials

capital-letter manuscripts

what are minuscules

lowercase manuscripts

goal of textual criticism

recover earliest attainable wording

external criteria

earlier/shorter readings preferred

internal criteria

harder reading preferred

formal correspondence

word-for-word translation

dynamic equivalence

thought-for-thought translation

what is pentateuch

first five books of the bible

traditional pentateuch author

moses

problems with mosaic authorship

moses’ death, later perspectives, multiple divine names

documentary hypothesis

pentateuch compiled from j,e,d,p sources

j source characteristics

yahweh, vivid stories, anthropomorphic god

e source characteristics

elohim, dreams/angels

d source characteristics

covenant obedience

p source characteristics

ritual, order, genealogies

what creation story is priestly

genesis 1

what creation is yahwist

genesis 2

main features of genesis 1

order, symmetry, hierarchy, sabbath

what is imago dei

humans created in image of god

human task in genesis 1

rule/dominion over earth

human task in genesis 2

till and keep garden

genesis 2 emphasizes what

human relationships

how is god portrayed in genesis 2

anthropomorphically

creation accounts are primarily what

theological texts

main sin in eden

disobedience

consequences of fall

shame, suffering, death, broken relationships

what does cain do

murders abel

theme of cain and abel

spread of sin and violence

why flood sent

human wickedness

who survives flood

noah/ family/ animals

type of noahic covenant

promissory covenant

sign of noahic covenant

rainbow

main issue at babel

human pride

result of babel

languages confused/scattering

pattern of genesis 1-11

sin→judgement→mercy

4 patriarchal cycles

abraham issac jacob joseph

god’s promises to abraham

land, descendants blessing

sign of abrahamic covenant

circumcision

main challenge to descendants promise

sarah’s barrenness

who is ishmael’s mother

hagar

what does abraham sacrifice story test

faith obedience

meaning of isaacs name

laughter

isaacs sons

jacob and esau

jacob’s wives

leah and rachel

why are jacobs sons important

become 12 tribes

joseph’s brothers do what

sell him into slavery

joseph’s special ability

dream interpretation

theme of joseph story

providence and reconciliation

israelites condition in exodus

slavery in egypt

how is moses saved

basket in nile/ adopted by pharaoh’s daughter

what happens at burning bush

god calls moses

divine name revealed

I AM WHO I AM

purpose of plagues

show god’s power/liberate israel