1C 2 INVESTIGATING THE CAUSES OF CVDs

What is longitudinal study?

1. It is a study that takes place over a very long time.

What is the rule of thumb for sample sizes in studies?

1. The larger the sample size, the more reliable the results.

What is a metadata analysis?

1. It is when researchers look at all the available studies in a subject area and analyze the available data in a massive literature study. This combines small and large studies and can give more reliable evidence than any one of the studies alone.

What is valid?

1. Valid: answers the question the scientists are asking.

What is precise?

1. Precise is measurements with little difference between them, accurate measurements.

What is Reliable?

1. Reliable is when the investigation is repeatable by other scientist who get similar results.

Give examples of non-modifiable risk factors of CVDs?

1. Genes

2. Age

3. Gender

Why do twin studies make good studies?

1. Twins can help eliminate the genetic factor of things, as twins are genetically identical, any changes should be completely due to the environment.

When scientist design major study, what can they do to try and make sure their results will be both valid and reliable?

1. Use larger sample sizes

2. Carry out the study over many years

3. Try to isolate the factor being studied keeping all the other factors constant if possible.

A graph shows the heritability of twins dying from heart disease, the heritability decreases as the time goes on, Why?

1. As time moves on the chances of the other twin dying from heritability drops as the twin could die from other causes.