psych test on friday

 What is Abnormal Psychology?

• A psychological disorder is a serious problem with a person’s thoughts, emotions, or behavior.

How Disorders Are Explained (two things)

• Medical model: mental disorders are like physical illnesses and can be diagnosed and treated.

• Biopsychosocial model: disorders come from a mix of:

  • biology (genes, brain)

  • psychology (stress, trauma)

  • social factors (family, environment)

How Disorders Are Classified

• Psychologists use the DSM-5 (a manual that lists and describes mental disorders).

Risk Factors (six things)

Things that increase chances of a disorder:

• Poverty

• Being under 18

• Child abuse or trauma

• Family conflict

• Brain injury

• Substance abuse

 Protective Factors (Help Prevent Disorders) (six things)

• Exercise

• Good relationships

• Healthy diet

• Good sleep

• Managing stress well

• Avoiding drugs/alcohol

ANXIETY DISORDERS Definition

• Disorders where the main symptom is excessive fear or anxiety.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (three things)

• Constant worry for 6+ months

• Often no clear reason for the worry

• Person feels tense and on edge

Panic Disorder (three things)

• Sudden, intense fear (panic attacks)

• Physical symptoms (heart racing, sweating, trouble breathing)

• Attacks come and go quickly

Phobias

• Irrational fear of something specific

. Phobias: Irrational fear of something specific

what are Types (three things)

• Specific phobia: fear of objects or situations (heights, spiders)

• Social anxiety: fear of being judged by others

• Agoraphobia: fear of places where escape feels hard (crowds, open spaces)

Why Anxiety Happens (two things)

• Learned through experience (conditioning or observing others)

• Genetics and brain chemistry also play a role

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) (two things)

• Obsessions: unwanted thoughts (ex: germs)

• Compulsions: repeated actions (ex: handwashing)

• Compulsions help reduce anxiety from obsessions

what is (PTSD)(one thing) and what are the symptoms(four things)

• Happens after a traumatic event

• Symptoms:

  • Flashbacks or nightmares

  • Anxiety

  • Trouble sleeping

  • Avoiding reminders of the event

MOOD DISORDER

Definition:

Disorders involving extreme emotion

Depression (Major Depressive Disorder): what is it (one thing) and what are the symptoms (four things)

• Long-lasting sadness and loss of interest

Symptoms:

• Loss of interest in activities

• Changes in sleep or appetite

• Low energy

• Feelings of guilt or worthlessness

Bipolar Disorder (three things)

• Extreme mood swings:

  • Depression (sad, low energy)

  • Mania (very energetic, overly happy, risky behavior)

Causes of Mood Disorders (four things)

• Genetics

• Brain chemicals (like serotonin)

• Negative thinking patterns

• Stress and life experiences

Suicide (Basic Points) (four things)

• Higher risk in:

  • People with depression

  • People with substance abuse

  • People who experienced major loss

• Females attempt more, but males are more likely to die from it

SCHIZOPHRENIA :Definition and symptoms and types of symptoms (8 total things)

• A disorder where a person loses touch with reality

• Symptoms

  • Delusions: false beliefs

  • Hallucinations: seeing/hearing things that aren’t real

  • Disorganized speech or behavior

  • Lack of emotion

  • Types of Symptoms

    • Positive symptoms: added behaviors (hallucinations, delusions)

    • Negative symptoms: missing behaviors (no emotion, low energy)

Causes of schizophrenia (three things)

• Genetics

• Brain chemistry (dopamine)

• Brain abnormalities

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) (two things)

• Person has multiple personalities

• Often linked to trauma

Eating Disorders (3 things)

1. Anorexia Nervosa

• Starving oneself despite being underweight

2. Bulimia Nervosa

• Binge eating + purging (vomiting, exercise)

3. Binge Eating Disorder

• Eating large amounts without purging

Causes of Eating Disorders (3 things)

• Body image issues

• Social pressure

• Emotional distress

Key Takeaways (three things)

• Psychological disorders affect thoughts, feelings, and behavior

• They are caused by a mix of biological, psychological, and social factors

• Different disorders have specific symptoms you should be able to recognize