AP World 5.2

Declaration of Independence

Expressed the philosophy behind the colonists’ fight against British rule.

philosophes

a new group of thinkers and writers who explored social, political, and economic theories in new ways.

Declaration of the Rights of Man

a statement declaring basic human rights, which was permanently enacted early in the French Revolution

Reign of Terror

a period during which the French government executed thousands of opponents of the revolution, including the king and queen.

liberté, égalité, et fraternté

The revolutionary slogan of the French Revolution. (liberty, equality, and fraternity)

Haiti

a rich French sugar and coffee colony on the western third of the island of St. Domingue.

Toussaint L’Ouverture

a former slave who joined the slave revolts in Haiti in 1791, establishing an independent government and outsmarting the French, Spanish, and British.

Simón Bolívar

A creole who pushed for Enlightenment ideals in Latin America. He became instrumental in the independence of areas that became Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

Lola Rodríguez de Tío

A recognized poet during an era of little educational opportunity for women, she became famous for her eloquent critiques of Spain’s exploitive rule over Puerto Rico

Propaganda Movement

a movement where young agitators contributed to magazines, pamphlets, and other publications advocating for greater autonomy for the Philippines.

realpolitik

the practical politics of reality

Giuseppe Mazzini

a radical romantic revolutionary who had been agitating for Italian resurgence since early in the 19th century

Risorgimento

Italian resurgence

Giuseppe Garibaldi

the leader of the Red Shirts military force

immigration

the movement of people into the country from other countries

Otto Van Bismark

the Prussian leader who favored realpolitik and used nationalist feelings to engineer three wars to bring about German unification.

Ottomanism

a movement that aimed to create a more modern, unified German state. Officials sought to do this by minimizing the ethnic, linguistic, and religious differences across the empire.

Maroons

escaped slaves

mestizos

those born of European and Indian parents

peninsulares

colonists born in Spain or Portugal

mulattoes

those of African and either European or indigenous ancestry

Bastille

A former prison in Paris that symbolized the abuses of the monarchy, it was stormed by a crowd in 1789

Italian Peninsula

modern-day Italy, which was divided among a patchwork of kingdoms and city-states in the 1850s