6 Business

an enterprise / a company / a business / a firm

an enterprise / a venture (a joint venture)

undertaking which is difficult & needs courage / a greater risk of failure

a corporation (US)

large business or company or group of companies all controlled & run together as single org

a subsidiary (…company)

company part of larger & more important company

an agency

business providing a (usu specified) service

a head office / headquarters (informal)

place from which company is controlled

an outlet

shop selling goods made by particular company

to subcontract sth (subcontracting, a subcontractor)

to do sth out to a subcontractor: you pay that other company to do it for you

to outsource sth (outsourcing)

to pay people from outside company to do sth

a line of business or work

kind of work sb does

a takeover (to take over sth)

act of getting control of company by buying large number of its shares

a merger (to merge)

joining together of 2 seperate companies,orgs,… so they become one

production (produce sth)

action of manufacturing, extracting… in large quantitiesµ

to manufacture (a manufacturer)

to make goods like shoes,cars,cement… on large scale using machinery

to process sth (processing)

to put raw material,food … through industrial process so that it can be used

production line / assembly line (to assemble)

sequence of machines & workers along which a product's put together in stages

conveyor belt

continuous moving band/belt used for transporting goods

factory/plant/works/mills

industrial buildings where goods are manufactured (F: products assembled, P: processing industries or specific machinery, W: buildings & machinery, M: processing raw materials or specific machinery)

workshop

room/building where machinery's made/repaired

shopfloor

area in factory where goods are made

productivity / efficiency

amount of goods produced ~ time & resources consumed: used as measure of efficiency

automation

use of automatic equipment & machines to do work previously done by people

labour-saving

to reduce amount of work or effort needed

labour-intensive

need to employ many people

trade (to trade)

activity of buying selling or exchanging goods or services between people,firms,countries

wholesale

activity of selling goods to shopkeepers in large quantities for resale to public

an invoice / a bill

doc that lists goods that've been supplied or services that've been done & says how much money you owe for them

a receipt

piece of paper that you give or send to sb to confirm that you've received money or goods from them

merchandise (formal) / goods

goods that you sell, buy or trade with

resources

money that's available to government, business or person to use for things they want to do or buy

receipts (formal) / takings (to take sth)

amounts of money received during particular period

overheads / outgoings / expenses / expenditure

amounts of money which you have to spend regularly, to pay rent, bills… / amounts of money you spend while doing specific job

a payroll

list of people employed by company & amount of money to be paid to each of them

a profit

to gain money in business

lucrative / profitable (profitability)

makes large profits

bankrupt / bust (informal)

when you don't have enough money to pay your debts

to value sth (a valuation) / to estimate (an estimation)

calculate roughly cost / value … of sth

to assess sth (an assessment)

to calculate or estimate sth

a stake

a share of an interest, usu of financial kind

a share (a shareholder)

one of the equal parts into which ownership of company can be divided, can be bought (holds own shares in company)

the Stock Exchange / the stock market

place where org of professional people buy & sell stocks/shares

customs (to pay customs duty on sth)

place at border where people arriving from foreign country have to declare goods that they bring into country (to pay taxes on it when you bring it into the country)

duty (duty-free)

tax that you pay to government on imports

free trade

trade which is carried on without import restrictions

a balance of payments

difference between payment that's made for imports & payment that's received from exports