Principles of Chemical Sensing II

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to the principles of chemical sensing.

Nephelometry

A technique that measures the amount of light scattered by particles in a sample, used in determining concentrations of scattering particles.

Turbidimetry

A method that measures the intensity of light transmitted through a sample, related to the amount of scattering and cloudiness.

Rayleigh Scattering

A type of scattering that occurs when particles are smaller than the wavelength of light, leading to preferential scattering of shorter wavelengths (e.g., blue light).

Mie Scattering

Scattering of light by particles that are comparable in size to the wavelength of light, resulting in non-selective scattering.

Electrochemical Sensors

Devices that measure chemical properties by detecting electrical signals resulting from redox reactions.

Potentiometric Sensors

Sensors that measure voltage to determine chemical concentrations.

Amperometric Sensors

Sensors that measure electric current resulting from redox reactions to determine concentration.

Nernst Equation

An equation used to calculate the non-standard cell voltage based on concentrations of reactants and products in an electrochemical cell.

Standard Reduction Potentials

The measure of the tendency of a chemical species to be reduced, defined under standard conditions (1 M concentration, 1 atm pressure).

Galvanic Oxygen Sensor

An amperometric sensor that measures oxygen concentration based on the current produced during the redox reactions involving oxygen.

Reference Electrode

A stable electrode with known electrode potential used as a reference point in electrochemical measurements.

Calomel Electrode

A type of reference electrode based on mercury and mercurous chloride, known for its stable potential.

Silver/Silver Chloride Electrode

A reference electrode made from silver coated with silver chloride, commonly used for its stable potential.

Fick's Law of Diffusion

A law that describes the diffusion of particles and how it relates to the concentration gradient and rate of current in amperometric sensors.