(42) CCMA Specimen Collection and Processing

Spell and define words to know for lab testing

Ability to understand terminology related to specimen collection and testing.

CLIA-waived tests

Simple lab tests with low risk of error.

Urine specimen types

Random, clean-catch, timed, and catheterized.

Chain-of-custody procedure

Tracking specimen handling for legal accuracy.

Routine urinalysis components

Physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis.

Fecal specimen collection

Collecting stool for testing.

Sputum specimen use

Testing lung infections.

Sputum collection instructions

Deep cough sample in sterile container.

Bacterial specimen indication

When infection is suspected.

Microbiologic collection techniques

Sterile methods to collect samples.

Diagnostic microbiology tests

Tests to identify microorganisms.

Culture vs sensitivity

Culture identifies organism, sensitivity finds effective treatment.

Gram stain procedure

Method to classify bacteria.

Gram stain components

Crystal violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin.

Gram-positive bacteria

Retain purple stain.

Gram-negative bacteria

Appear pink/red.

Bacterial shapes

Cocci, bacilli, spirilla.

Media types

Primary, selective, enrichment.

Specimen labeling

Correct patient info and details.

Interpreting lab results

Analyzing data from tests.

Agar

Gel used to grow bacteria.

Bilirubin

Pigment from red blood cell breakdown.

Gram-negative

Bacteria that stain pink.

Gram-positive

Bacteria that stain purple.

Chemical (urinalysis)

Testing substances in urine.

Guaiac

Test for blood in stool.

Culture

Growing microorganisms.

Hematuria

Blood in urine.

Hemolysis

Breakdown of red blood cells.

Glucose

Sugar in blood or urine.

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Pregnancy hormone.

In vivo

Within the body.

Ketone (acetone)

Substance from fat breakdown.

Nitrite

Indicator of bacteria in urine.

Physical (urinalysis)

Observing urine color and clarity.

Protein (albumin)

Protein in blood or urine.

Sensitivity

Determines effective antibiotics.

Specific gravity

Urine concentration measurement.

Sputum

Mucus from lungs.

Stability

How well specimen maintains integrity.

Supernatant

Liquid above solid after centrifuge.

Urinalysis

Urine testing.

Urobilinogen

Substance formed from bilirubin.