The 12 Cranial Nerves- Origins and Functions

Trochlear nerve origin

mesencephalon

trigeminal nerve origin

Orbital structures, nasal cavity, skin of forehead/eyelid

Abducens nerve origin

Pons

vestibulocochlear nerve origin

Receptors of the inner ear

Glossophsryngeal nerve origin

Posterior tongue, pharynx, carotid arteries, visceral organs

Accessory nerve origin

Motor nuclei of spinal cord, medulla oblongata

Hypoglossal nerve origin

motor nuclei of medulla oblongata

Oculomotor nerve function

Control of eye movement

trochlear nerve function

Control of eye movements

Trigeminal nerve function

Sensory information form face, motor control of mastication

Facial nerve function

Proposition of face muscles, motor control of deep muscles near the ear

vestibulocochlear nerve function

Sense of audition (sound)

Glossopharyngeal nerve function

Sense of taste, motor control of swallowing

vagus nerve function

Visceral sensory information (ventilation and cardiac function), motor control of cardiac/respiratory/digestive functions

Accessory nerve function

Motor control of swallowing and neck/trapezius muscles

olfactory nerve origin

Olfactory epithelium

Optic nerve origin

Retina of the eye

Oculomotor nerve origin

Mesencephalon

Vagus nerve origin

Pharynx, diaphragm, visceral organs

Olfactory nerve function

Sense of smell

Optic nerve function

Sense of vision

Abducens nerve function

Control of eye movements

Hypoglossal nerve function

Voluntary motor control of the tongue

Facial nerve origin

Sensory from gustatory receptors on tongue, motor from pons

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