Hormones and the Brain

These flashcards cover key concepts related to hormones and their functions in the brain, as well as important endocrine structures and their roles.

What is the primary function of hormones in the body?

Hormones are chemicals secreted by one cell group that travel through the bloodstream to act on targets.

Which gland is responsible for controlling hormone secretions?

The hypothalamus.

What hormone is primarily responsible for reproductive maturation and body rhythms?

Melatonin, secreted by the pineal gland.

What is the significance of Berthold's experiment in behavioral endocrinology?

It demonstrated that testes release a chemical that affects male behavior and body structure.

What distinguishes endocrine communication from synaptic communication?

Endocrine communication releases a hormone into the bloodstream, while synaptic communication involves chemical release and diffusion across a synapse.

What are the two principal hormones produced by the posterior pituitary?

Oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH).

Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary?

ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin, and growth hormone (GH).

What is the role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?

GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH or LH.

Describe the feedback system that regulates hormone levels.

Negative feedback inhibits further secretion by detecting biological effects from target cells.

What structures are involved in hormone regulation within the endocrine system?

The hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary, and various endocrine glands.