Science Regents Notes

What is the structure of DNA?

DNA is structured as a double helix and contains genetic information.

What is the primary function of RNA?

RNA is a single-stranded molecule crucial for protein synthesis, including types such as mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

What is the first step in protein synthesis?

Transcription, where DNA is transcribed to form mRNA in the nucleus.

What does photosynthesis accomplish?

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy.

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$.

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts using chlorophyll.

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

Cellular respiration converts glucose into usable energy (ATP).

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$.

Where does cellular respiration occur?

Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria.

What are ecosystems comprised of?

Ecosystems are composed of biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) factors.

What is symbiosis?

Symbiosis includes relationships such as mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.

What does 'succession' refer to in ecology?

Succession is the process of change in species structure over time, including primary and secondary succession.

What defines sexual reproduction?

Sexual reproduction involves two parents and results in genetic variation.

What defines asexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and produces identical offspring.

What is natural selection?

Natural selection is a mechanism for evolution where organisms with advantageous traits survive and reproduce.

What is cell theory?

Cell theory states that all living organisms are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

What maintains homeostasis in organisms?

Homeostasis is maintained by feedback systems, which can be negative or positive.

What are Mendelian genetics?

Mendelian genetics refers to inheritance patterns involving dominant and recessive traits.

What tool is used to predict genetic outcomes?

Punnett squares are tools used to predict genetic outcomes.

What are the impacts of human activity on ecosystems?

Human impacts include urbanization, pollution, deforestation, and climate change.

What are conservation strategies aimed at?

Conservation strategies are aimed at protecting biodiversity and ecosystems.