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Crossing Over

is the process during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, resulting in genetic variation in the offspring.

synapsis

is the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis where genetic material is exchanged, preparing for crossing over.

Tetrad

is a structure formed during meiosis consisting of a pair of homologous chromosomes, each made up of two sister chromatids, allowing for crossing over to occur.

prophase 1

is the first stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes condense, and synapsis occurs, forming tetrads. This stage is crucial for crossing over to enhance genetic diversity.

metaphase 1

is the stage of meiosis where tetrads align at the cell's equatorial plane, positioning homologous chromosomes for separation.

Anaphase 1

is the stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell, ensuring that each new cell will receive one chromosome from each homologous pair.

homologus chromosomes

are pairs of chromosomes containing the same genetic information, one inherited from each parent, that pair up during meiosis.

Anaphase 2

is the stage of meiosis where sister chromatids are separated and pulled towards opposite poles of the cell, completing the division process. This stage follows metaphase 2, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.