CAD/ACS

What is Stable and Unstable Angina?

Stable Angina is chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia upon exertion. Unstable angina is a chest pain caused by myocardia ischemia at rest.

Does Stable or Unstable Angina appear on EKG?

Yes, stable angina will have ST depression with exertion. Unstable angina will appear as ST depression or an inverted T wave.

What are important dietary considerations for individuals at risk or diagnosed with heart conditions

Low sodium, low saturated fats, and low cholesterol diets.

What are the signs of MIs in men?

Crushing chest pain, SOB, arm, back, or shoulder pain, generaly radiating through the left arm.

What are the signs of MI in women?

Generally much less prominent than in men. Dizziness, nausea, heartburn like pain, cold sweats, fatigue. Ocassionally jaw pain. Be aware that women do not commonly present with the “typical” signs of a heart attack.

What are the S/S of Heart Failure (HF)/Cardiogenic shock

Dyspnea, crackles, hypotension, low urinary output.

What are the 4 B’s for witholding Beta Blockers

Bradycardia, Low Blood Sugar, Bronchospams, Low BP.

What is the proper plan of care for a patient experiencing a MI?

1) Sit pt up and call for help. 2) Apply O2, maintain above 95%,. 3) Establish IV access. 4) Give indicated meds, Nitro, morphine, aspirin. (Doesnt need to be all 3 and commonly isnt all 3). 5) Draw labs and EKG. 6) Reperfusion therapy.

Are all Myocardial infaractions accompanied by an elevated ST segment?

NO, 30% of MIs have no ST elevation. NSTEMIs can also be a dubious term as while the name implies no ST elevation, the corresponding definition also implies an incomplete blockage. You can even have complete blockage with no ST elevation.

What is silent ischemia?

It’s myocardial ischemia without corresponding chest pain.

What is variant (Prinzmetal) angina?

This is myocardia ischemia caused by spasming of the coronary arteries. Generally occurs in younger individuals at night. But can also happen at rest. To differentiate from unstable angina, EKG will show transient (temporary) ST elevation while unstable will show ST depression.