Healthcare Informatics Final

What is defined as the ability to use a computer and related technology to complete practical tasks

Computer literacy

What is defined as a set of skills needed to recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, an Duse effectively the needed information?

Information literacy

What skills should someone have to be considered computer literate?

using basic computer applications, basic programing and problem solving

What skills should someone have to be considered information literate?

determines nature and extent, accesses needed information effectively, evaluates information, uses it accomplish a specific purpose

What are the 4 components of a basic information system?

1. People

2. Policies and procedures

3. Connectivity

4. Data

What are the components of a computer information system?

Hardware and software

What is an end user?

those actively using the system, healthcare professionals or patients

What is a novice user?

know task but have little/no knowledge of system/software

What is a knowledgeable intermittent user?

know task but because of infrequent use have difficulty remembering how to complete using system

What is an expert frequent user?

deep knowledge of tasks and actions required to complete using system

What are the roles of policies and procedures in an information system?

how-to-guides, guiding principles for information and technology use, methods form ensuring date integrity

What are the roles/components of people in an information system?

end users, technical professionals, informations specialists

What are the roles/components of connectivity in an information system?

Electronic transfer of data from one place to another, can see how individuals use technology to communicate with each other or pts

What is the role/components of data in an information system?

Quantities, characteristics, symbols, used by computer to complete operations

What are the 4 parts of hardware in a computer information system?

1. Input devices

2. System unit

3. Output devices

4. Secondary storage device

Why are input devices important in healthcare?

allows computer to receive information from user

Why are system units important in healthcare?

permanent storage, communicates with user through input and output devices

Why are output devices important in healthcare?

Allows computer to communicate with user

Why are secondary storage devices important in healthcare?

Provides additional storage space or more secure storage

What are the 4 types of information systems?

1. Transaction

2. Management Information

3. Decision Support

4. Expert system

What is an example of a transaction system?

payroll

What is an example of a management information system?

time documenting

What is an example of a decision support system?

medical references

What is an example of an expert system?

advice or recommendation systems

What law protects wire, oral, and electronic communications while being made, in transit and being stored?

Electronic Communication Privacy Act

How does the Electronic Communication and Privacy Act apply to healthcare?

Protects electronic communications such as e-mail, telephone and electronic data

What law set national standards to protect availability of PHI, to identify and protect against reasonably anticipated threats, and ensured workforce compliance?

HIPPA

How does HIPAA apply to healthcare?

Protects health records

What law implemented a program that encouraged the adoption of electronic medical recourse through incentive payments to physicians

HITECH

How does the HITECH act apply to healthcare?

Encouraged the adoptions of EMRs through incentive payments

What law was mandated by CMS that created a reporting program that used incentive programs and payments to encourage electronic prescribing for Medicare patients?

MIPPA

Why does MIPPA apply to healthcare?

incentivized prescribers to move to electronic prescribing

What are the 3 types of attention?

1. Selective

2. Focused

3. Divided

What is defined as choosing information sources necessary for a given test and ignoring all other sources when they occur simultaneously?

selective attention

What is defined as allowing the selected sources to be perceived without distraction and tuning out unneeded information?

Focused attention

What is defined as parallel processing of 2+ sources concurrently if a task requires it?

Divided attention

What is the limitation of focused attention?

can be mentally and physically tiring

What is the limitation of selective attention?

only displaying information as needed

What is the limitation of divided attention?

limits performance as time and effort is split between multiple sources

What are the 7 types of dialog systems?

1. Menus

2. Fill-in-Forms

3. Question/Answer

4. Command Languages

5. Function Keys

6. Direct Manipulation

7. Restricted Natural Language

What type of user benefits from menus?

low motivation and little computer skills

What type of user benefits from fill in forms?

low motivation and little experience

What type of user benefits from question/answer?

low frequency use, good typing skills

What type of user benefits from command languages?

high motivation and computer literacy

What type of user benefits from function keys?

who perform the task frequently and want speed

What type of user benefits from direct manipulation?

low motivation, low typing skills

What type of user benefits from restricted natural language?

natural communication, speaking or typing conversationally

What is a label?

Icons that are generally static to identify an action

What is an advisory?

least critical alert

What is a caution?

less critical alert

What is a warning?

most critical alert

What is the PVA?

primary visual area

What are 3 examples of patient information that would be appropriate on the PVA?

name, date of birth, photo

Why is consistency important when designing an interface?

everything means the same thing across the board, helps because old expectations shape new displays

What are the 8 software assessment methods?

1. Observation

2. Think aloud

3. Task performance

4. Interviews

5. Surveys

6. Prototypes

7. Heuristic evaluation

8. Usability testing

What are the benefits and limitations of the observation method?

reveals real world behavior, users may act differently when observed

What are the benefits an limitations of the think aloud method?

reveals user thought process, can slow task performance

What are the benefits and limitations of the task performance method?

provides deeper clarification, interruptions may affect performance

What are the benefits and limitations of the interview method?

easy to gather opinions, users may forget details

What are the benefits and limitations of the survey method?

can collect large amounts of data quickly, limited depth

What are the benefits and limitations of the prototypes method?

allows early testing before full development, may not reflect final functionality

What are the benefits and limitations of the heuristic evaluation method?

fast and inexpensive, depends on evaluator expertise

What are the benefits and limitations of the usability testing method?

directly tests real user interaction, but is time consuming

What is root cause analysis?

finding out what, how and why an event occurred through data collection

How does HIT facilitate root cause analysis?

it creates detailed, searchable, and time stamped electronic records

What is the difference between e-prescribing and CPOE ?

escribing is outpatient and CPOE is all types of medical orders

What is HIT?

health information technology

What is CPOE?

electronic medication or other physician orders

What is CDS?

tools that provide clinicians and patients with information to enhance health and healthcare

What is EMR/EHR

electronic health records and electronic medical records

What is PHI?

protected health information

What amount can eligible prescribers earn from the HITECH act?

$44,000

What do providers have to do to get money from Meaningful Use?

adopt, implement, upgrade, and demonstrate meaningful use of EHR technology

What are the two aspects of MACRA?

1. MIPS

2. Advanced APMs

What is MIPS?

Ties payment to quality and cost efficient care

What is the provider risk for MIPS?

low to moderate financial risk

What are APMs?

added incentive to provide high quality care

What is the provider risk for APMs?

high financial risk

What is the role of the transaction hub?

Maintains patient, pharmacy and provider indexes

What interactions does the transaction hub manage?

electronic prescription transmission, refill requests, medication history, eligibility information

What are ICD-10 codes?

diagnosis code adopted by everyone to note diseases and inpatient procedures

What are CPT codes?

used to identify outpatient services

When are CPT codes used?

by physicians to determine how much they will be paid for their services

When are ICD-10 codes used?

health records, racking trends, and assisting in medical reimbursement decisions

What do the the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd digits of ICD-10 codes represent?

Category

What do the 4th, 5th , and 6th digits of ICD-10 codes represent?

Etiology, anatomical site, severity

What does the 7th digit of ICD-10 codes represent?

extension

What are the goals of telemedicine?

Expand access, alleviate provider shortages, reduce cost, improve quality and transitions, reduce errors

What level of impact of downtime is defined as minor impact on business results?

Level 1

What levels of impacts of downtime have low business impact?

1 and 2

What level of downtime is described as disrupting the normal business process, minimal loss of revenue and low recovery cost?

Level 2

What level of downtime is described as substantial revenue lost, some is recoverable?

Level 3

What levels of impacts of downtime have medium business impact?

3

What level of downtime is described as significant impact on core business activities and affects medium-term results?

Level 4

What level of downtime is described as strong impact on core business activities, affects medium term results, and companies survival may be at risk?

Level 5

What levels of impacts of downtime have a high business impact?

4 and 5

What level of downtime is defined as very strong impact on core business activities, immediate threat to the company's survival?

LEvel 6

What level of impacts of downtime have an extreme business impact?

6

What are the 3 types of downtime?

scheduled, semi-planned, unplanned

What level of downtime would this event be? A clinic printer stops working for 20 minutes, but staff can still access the EHR and continue seeing patients?

Level 1