human bio y11: heart structure and blood flow- SLO 1

What is the main function of the heart?

The primary function of the heart is to pump blood around the body

What are the four chambers of the heart?

right atrim, left artrium, right ventricle, left ventricle

What is the difference between the atria and ventricles?

Atria are the upper chambers that collect blood entering the heart, while ventricles are the lower chambers that pump blood out of the heart.

What is the function of the septum?

The septum separates the left and right sides of the heart and prevents the oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood from mixing.

What is the myocardium?

The myocardium is the muscular wall of the heart, which is responsible for pumping blood.

Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?

The left ventricle pumps blood around the body, which means it needs more muscle to generate a higher pressure.

What is the function of the pericardium?

The pericardium is a protective membrane around the heart which contains lubricating fluid that reduces friction during the beating of the heart.

Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood?

The right side

Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood?

The left side

What is the function of the vena cava?

The vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium

What type of blood does the vena cava carry?

deoxygenated blood

What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

It carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Why is the pulmonary artery unusual?

It is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood

What happens in the lungs?

Gas exchange occurs, carbon dioxide leaves the blood and oxygen enters the blood.

What is the function of the pulmonary veins?

They carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Why are pulmonary veins unusual?

They are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood

What is the function of the aorta?

The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body

What are coronary arteries?

They are blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

What are the main heart valves?

Tricuspid valve, Bicuspd valve, pulmonary semilunar valve, arotic semilunar valve

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

Where is the bicuspid valve located?

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located?

Between the left ventricle and aorta

Describe the pathway of blood through the heart

Vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valves, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body

What is a double circulatory system?

A system where blood passes through the heart twice in one complete circulation.

What is the pulmonary circut?

The movement of blood between the heart and the rest of the body

What is the role of the heart valves?

Heart valves ensure one way blood flow.

How do valves ensure one way blood flow?

Valves open when pressure behind them is higher and close when pressure in front of them becomes higher.

How does the structiure of the heart support it’s pumping function?

Thick muscular walls generate pressure, while valves prevent backflow. Seperate chambers keep oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood apart via the septum, and the thicker left ventricle generates high pressure for systematic circulation.

What is atherosclerosis?

The buildup of plaque on the artery walls, causing arteries to narrow and harden

How does atherosclerosis affect blood flow?

It restrict blood flow, and reduces oxygen delivery to tissues.

What can atherosclerosis lead to?

Heart attacks, strokes and peripheral artery disease.

What are common causes of atherosclerosis?

High cholestorol, smoking, high blood pressure and diabetes.

What is valve stenosis?

Valve stenosis is narrowing of a heart valve, reducing blood flow.

What is valve regurgitation?

When a valve leaks, allowing blood to flow backwards.

How can coronary artery blockage affect the heart?

It reduces oxygen supply to the heart muscle, potentially causing a heart attack.