Biology Unit 2: Glycolysis

Purpose of glycolysis

to oxidize glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate,, gnerating atp and NADH

How much ATP is consumed initally

2 ATP

What steps involve a 6 carbon molecules

the first three

How much ATP is created in total, also how much NADH and H+ are created

4 ATP, 2 NADH and H+

What is the creation of ATP here known as

Substrate level phosphorylation

Phosphofructosekinase

catalyzes step 3 of glycolysis which is known as the decision point because this is when the cell decides wheter it wants to continue with glycolysis

Allosteric sites in phosphofructose kinase

Inhibited by ATP and citrate, activated AMP

What is glycolysis the begninnig of

Controlled oxidation

How much energy does pyruvate have at the end of glycolysis

less than glucose but enough energy harnessed for other steps

How much energy does 2 moles of atp synthesized give you

62 kJ

How much energy can glucose release through rapid oxidation

2870 kJ

Glycolysis energy conversion efficeincy

62/2870 × 100% = 2.2%

For energy in 1 mole of glucose:

2.2% is converted to ATP, some lost as thermal energy, most are stored in the 2 NADH molecules and 2 pyruvate molecules

Cells have limited…

NAD+

Cells cycle between…

oxidized NAD+ and reduced NADH

Glycolysis needs…

NAD+ for a specefic reaction, if no NAD+, no reaction

2 ways to recycle NADH

1. If oxygen is present, NADH can pass electrons in the electron transport chain

2. If no oxygen, NADH can be used in fermentation or its electrons can be donated

Where does glycolyisis take place

Cytosol

How many carbon carbon bonds are there in glucose

5

Phases in glycolysis

preperatory phase and pay off phase

Net gain of ATP

2

How many atps are used in preperatory phase

2

How many atps are built in payoff phase

4

How many carbon carbon bonds are left in the 2 pyruvate molecules

4

Other molecules that stores energy harvested from glucose

NADH

Products of glycolyis per one molecule of glucose

2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2NADH + 2H+