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passive transport

does not require the cell to use energy to move across the membrane (moves from high concentration to low) and there are three types!

Three times of passive transport

diffusion (simple), facilated diffusion, osmosis (special)

diffusion (simple)

when particles move to a high concentration area to a lower one

factors that affect diffusion rates

how big the molecule is, high temp and large surface area, polarity

facilaited diffusion

materials that move across pm with the help of membrane proteins

what are the proteins that help move for facilated diffusion

channel and carrier proteins

channel proteins

without binding and faster

carrier proteins

with binding and slower

osmosis (special)

only for water and moves from high to low

toncity

ability for a solution to cause a cell to lose/gain water through osmosis

hypo

low solute

hype

high solute

active transport

requires cell to use energy (moves from low to high)

two types of active transport

primary and secondary

primary active transport

uses atp directly and uses pump protein

secondary active transport

does not use atp directly and from something else

what can move more than one substance at a time?

symputer and limpuler

bulk transport

small molecules move through the membrane through diffusion or transporters

what are the vesticles in bulk transport

endocytosis and exocytosis

endocytosis

move large molecules into the cell

three type of vesiciles for endocytosis

phagocytosis, pinocytosis and receptor-medidated

phagocytosis

cells that eat something big

pinocytosis

cells drink liquids

receptor-meditated

takes in something speific (selective)

exocytosis

relases material outside the cell

triglycerides

glycerol and fatty acids

proteins contain?

amino acids, c/h/r grps, carboxyl grps

polypeptide syntheiss

two amino acids form peptide bonds and relase water

primary strcture of proteins

no folding and sequence is different in every protein

secondary structure

folding of polypeptide

two parts of secondary strcture

alpha helix and beta

alpha helix

coiling

beta

sheet

tetriary

three dimentional strctrure folding of entire chain

quentary

two or more polypepride from tetirary

denturation

distrupition in higher protein sterrcures due to temp, ph or chemicals

disaccheraides

two or more monosacchries undergo dehydration and form glycodic

disaccharides include….

sucrose, maltose and lactose

polysaccharides

long chain of monosacchrides linked by glycosic bonds

examples of polysaccharides

strach and cellous