UCSP 11 - Society

2ND SEM FINAL TERM

Social Institution

devoted of the promotion of a particular cause or program. organized systems of social norms, behaviors, and relationships design to meet fundamental societal needs, providing structure, stability, and order

Organization

structured group of people working together with defined roles, responsibilities, and hierarchy to achieve common, specific goals

Hierarchy

a system of individuals are organized according to rank

Social classes

hierarchical groupings of individuals in society based on wealth, education, occupation, and income. This affects the individuals given opportunities based on the level that they are in

Upper class

It is the top of the social classes where it is considered wealthy and high

Middle Class

It is the part of the social classes where it is considered to be for professionals and managers with moderate income

Working Class

It is the part of the social classes where it is considered to be for manual labor or service jobs

Lower Class

It is the part of the social classes where it is considered to be for people with low income and limited sources

Social Order

Stable, structured, and harmonious arrangement of institutions, norms, values, and roles that allows a society to function cohesively rather than descend into chaos

Social groups

a group of 2 or more individuals who regularly interact with one another and share similar characteristics

Cultural institutions

public or private organizations such as museum, libraries, theories, etc., that preserve, interpret, and promote heritage

Political organizations

groups that aim to influence, shape, or exercise government power, public policy, and decision making

Primary group

it is a social group that is small but with a high level of intimacy among members. Its relationship is very personal and has very frequent interaction (ex. family)

Secondary group

it is a social group that is large but with less intimacy, impersonal and formal. There is less frequency interaction and limited contact with members being accepted on what they can do for the group (ex. political parties or church)

Reference group

it is a social group that influences a person’s behavior and attitudes regardless whether they are a member

Out group

It is a social group that a person feels like they do not belong to and a sense of hostility towards (ex. opponent team in sports)

In group

It is a social group that a person feels that they belong to and a sense of identity in (ex. fraternity)

Social aggregates

People who happen to be in the same place at the same time

Social categories

People who share common social characteristics

Marriage

It is a publicly recognized social and legal union and accords a child full birth-status rights common to normal members of his society

Household

consists of 1 or more people, everyone living in a housing unit. Families constitute households or households are built around families

Consanguineal kinship

it is based on descent or blood relation, imaginary and assumed relations like fictive kinship (ex. relation between mother and daughter)

Affinal kinship

It is based on marriage (e.g. relation bet. husband & wife) and is In extended form – includes parents & siblings of both sides, their spouses & children

(e.g. relation bet. son-in-law & father-in-law)

Kinship

system of social relationships between people based on blood or marriage. considers both biological relationship and non-biological relationship. its 2 main types is consanguineal and affinal

Descent

socially existing recognized biological relationship between people in society or a reckoning of relationship based on a common ancestors. considers only biological relationship. 2 main types are unilineal and cognatic

Descent groups

It is a type of descent where a group of people are related by descent by a common ancestor

Lineages

It is a type of descent where a group of people are related by a common ancestor

Cognates

It is a type of descent for having a common origin

Fictive kinship

It is a type of descent where you act as if someone is kin when they are actually not

State institutions

Organizations created, funded, and operated by the government

Non-state institutions

Organizations operating in society but NOT controlled by government

Institutions

a large important organization that has a particular purpose, for example a university or bank

Privatization

occurs when a government agency that provides public services is converted into a privately owned org.

Transnational advocacy groups

Networks that are united by a commitment to some practical, usually “trans-sovereign” issue

Cooperatives

made up of people w/ common interest who agreed to work together for easy, safe & affordable access to commodities, loans & other services

trans-sovereign issue

an issue that transcends across multiple countries