Minerals

Earth science

Way of identification of mineral using the result of the way mineral absorb light

Color

Way of identification of minerals using it's ability to reflect light

Luster

Way of identification of a mineral using its color of it in powder form

Streak

Way of identification of a mineral using it's resistance to scratches

Hardness

Smooth

Cleavage

Random

Fracture

Slow cooling of magma

Large crystals

Fast cooling of magma

Small crystal means

Combining several

Aggregate

Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic.

It's the size shape and composition of the grains

Texture

3 grains

Fine, medium, coarse

Forms when magma cools and solidifies

Igneous rocks

Rich in aluminum, potassium, silicon and sodium

Felsic

Rich in calcium, iron and magnesium

Mafic

Lava is cooled quickly on the surface of the Earth

Extrusive rocks

Magma cooled very slowly inside the earth

Intrusive rocks

What rock is made mainly of minerals calcite and aragonite

Limestone

What rock contains the minerals feldspar, quartz and biotite

Granite

Meta

Change

Morph

Form

Forms because of heat and pressure

Metamorphic rock

Means change in shape

Metamorphism

Heated by nearby magma

Contact metamorphism

Change because of high pressures and temperatures

Regional metamorphism

Change in the shape of the rock

Deformation

Features of a rock that show that the rock has been deform

Folds

Make up ¾ of the Earth's rocks

Sedimentary rocks

Move from one place to another and are deposited in layers

Strata

Acts as a cement

Calcite and Quartz

Carries away sediments
Wearing away of rock due to wind, water or ice

Erosion

Settle out the wind, water and ice are left in a different place

Deposition

Builds up over time and squeezes the layers so that the particles or grains stick together

Compaction

is a process when the minercrystallized minerals “glue” the solids or grains together.

Cementation

Forms when fragments of other rocks are cemented together

Clastic sedimentary rock

Made from the remains of plants and animals

Organic sedimentary rock

Forms when minerals crystallize out of water

Chemical sedimentary rock

Made of all the process that make a new rock out of older rock material.

Rock cycle

They are usually influenced or driven by gravity, water, and organisms. This could be destructive occurrences that leave significant changes on the landscape and even in the ecosystem of an area.

Exogenous process

__ is decomposition of rock caused by _ reactions resulting in formation of a new compound.

Chemical weathering

Physical weathering is also called

Mechanical weathering

__ is the process by which natural forces moved weathered rock and soil from one place to another. Gravity, running water, glaciers, waves, and wind all cause erosion. The material moved by _ is sediment.

Erosion

refers to the movement of large masses of materials (e.g., rock debris, soil, mud) down a slope or a steep-sided hill or mountain to the pull of gravity. _ is very destructive in areas with increase water flow (such as rainfall or flash floods)

Mass wasting

Is the accumulation of materials such as soil particles settling on the ground. This usually occurs in streams and sea erosion. Over time, the load becomes thick and forms a new layer of ground.

Sedimentation

- it occurs within or in the interior of earth. The _ process on earth are the responsible for earthquakes.

Endogenous

The process can take place either under the surface or on surface of Earth.

Magmastism

Magma tries to escape from the source through the openings such as volcanoes or existing cracks on the ground.
As soon as magma reaches the surface of Earth, it is now called lava.

Volcanism (Or Plutonism)

Rock changes due to heat and pressure that are increasing and decreasing.

Metamorphism

Unique chemical composition

Make up

What is used to measure Hardness?

Mohs Scale by Frederick Mohs