Philosophy of Science and Epistemology Lecture Notes

Vocabulary flashcards covering key philosophical concepts, theories of mind, and types of judgment based on lecture notes.

Teleology

The philosophical attempt to describe things in terms of their purpose,

Hylomorphism

A philosophical theory developed by Aristotle, which conceives being (ousia) as a compound of matter and form.

Corpuscularianism

Describes the shift to the new science, claims that all matter is made up of tiny minute particles of one kind of stuff; scientific explanation appeals to the size, shape, and motion of these minute particles.

Cartesian (Substance) Dualism

There are two finite substances, the mind and the body

Rationalism

Reason is the foundation for knowledge, proposes the exikstence of innate ideas

Empiricism

Sense experience is the foundation for all knowledge amd there are no innate ideas

Interaction Problem

How can the immaterial mind and the material body interact

Monism

There is only one infinite substance and that is God

Occasionalism

All evenhts are taken to be caused directly by God rather than substances

Determinism

All events are determined by causes external to will

Relations of Ideas

Knowledge that is necessarily true, mathmetaical reasonings

Synthetic Judgment

Predicate gives more insight “some bodies are heavy”

Necessitarianism

Claims that there is only one way that the world can be

Hypothetical Necessity

if $X$ happens, $Y$ must follow

Phenomenalism

Physical objects do not exist as themselves but only as perceptual phenomena

Representationalism

The way of ideas, the world we see is not the real world itself but a replica; a Veil od percpetion exists between the mind and this prevents first hand knowledge of anything

Representational Realism/ Doctrine of Double Existece

We do not perceive objects directly

Idealism

A group of philosophies that claim the reality as we know it is immaterial and mentally constructed

Primary Quality

Qualities independent of the observer

Secondary Quality

Qualities that do not exist within the the object themselves only the perciedver

Matter of Fact

Synthethich truths that are known through sensory experience , denial implies no logical contradiction

Analytic Judgment

True by definition “Bachelloretes are single”

A Prior Judgment

Judgments based on reasoning alone independent of all mathematical & analytical colaikms

Empirical Judgment

Judgments thatg are based on experience and and limited