STS - ONE HEALTH

One Health

• 2004

• animal health, human health, environment work together to achieve better public health outcomes

• World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Health

• a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing

• not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Wellbeing

a situation in which people are free to choose to do and be what they value

Wellness

holistic integration of physical, mental, and spiritual well-being

Chemical Hazard

harmful chemicals in air, water, soil, food, and human-made product

Natural Hazard

fire, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, and storms

Cultural hazard

unsafe working conditions, unsafe highways, criminal assault, and poverty

Lifestyle choices

smoking, making poor food choices, drinking too much alcohol, and having unsafe intercourse

Biological Hazard

• more than 1,400 pathogens that can infect humans

• pathogen - agent that can cause disease in another organism (bacteria, virus, parasite, protozoa, fungi)

Zoonoses

diseases or infections that are naturally transmissible from animals to humans

Infectious Disease

• pathogen such as a bacterium, virus, or parasite invades the body and multiplies in its cells and tissues

• tuberculosis, flu, malaria, measles

Bacteria

• single-cell organisms that are found everywhere.

• most are harmless or beneficial.

• results to an infection

Virus

• smaller than bacteria

• work by invading a cell and taking over its genetic machinery to copy themselves

• multiply and spread throughout one’s body, causing a viral disease such as flu or AIDS

transmissible disease

communicable

non-transmissible disease

noncommunicable

epidemic

large-scale outbreak of an infectious disease in an area

pandemic

global epidemic