Socials test 2

Colonization

Colonization is the process of establishing control over a foreign territory by a more powerful nation, involving the imposition of its own systems of law, government, and culture.

Imperialsim

Imperialism is a policy or practice where a country extends its power and influence over other territories, often by establishing control through military force, political dominance, or economic pressure.

Acculturation

The process by which individuals or groups adopt some aspects of another culture (like language, customs, or beliefs) while still maintaining parts of their original culture.

Mercantilism

An economic system used from the 16th to 18th centuries where a country aimed to become wealthy by exporting more goods than it imported, accumulating gold and silver, and controlling colonies for resources and trade.

Filles du Roi

Young women sent from France to New France (Canada) in the 1600s, sponsored by the king, to marry settlers and help increase the population.

Acadians

French settlers who lived in what is now eastern Canada (mainly Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island). They developed a distinct culture and were later deported by the British in the 1700s.

Seven Years' War

A global conflict (1756-1763) mainly between Britain and France, where they fought for control of territory in North America and other parts of the world. In North America, it's often called the French and Indian War.

Royal Proclamation (1763)

A law issued by the British government after the Seven Years' War that organized British territories in North America and limited colonial expansion westward to avoid conflicts with Indigenous peoples.

First Continental Congress (1774)

A meeting of representatives from 12 American colonies to protest British policies. It was a major step toward the American Revolution.

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one's own culture is superior to others. In history, this often influenced how European powers treated Indigenous peoples in North America, assuming their own customs and systems were "better."

Treaty of Paris (1763)

This treaty ended the Seven Years' War. France gave most of its North American territory to Britain, which dramatically changed control of Canada and set the stage for British governance.

Biculturalism

The coexistence of two distinct cultures in one country. In Canada, this usually refers to French and English cultures living together and shaping the country's identity.

loyalists

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain during the American Revolution. After the war, many moved to Canada, influencing its population, culture, and political structure.

Hudson's Bay Company (HBC)

One of the oldest companies in the world, controlling vast territories (Rupert's Land) and dominating the fur trade in northern Canada.

revolutions

are major and often rapid changes in a country's government, political system, or social structure, usually involving the overthrow of an existing authority.

North West Company (NWC)

A major fur trading company based in Montreal. It competed intensely with the Hudson's Bay Company and played a big role in westward expansion.

Constitutional Act (1791)

A British law that divided Quebec into Upper Canada (English-speaking) and Lower Canada (French-speaking), helping manage tensions between the two groups.