lang devl exam questions

behavior management

A teacher uses this language form to establish who is allowed to talk, what one is allowed to say and how one is allowed to say it - this is the language of:

emergent

A child is beginning to realize that books contain stories, that the words stay the same, pictures help to construct a meaning - this child is in the _____ stage of reading:

language of personal identity

A child participating in “show and tell” in his classroom is specifically utilizing which language form?

repeat the utterance/sentence

When attempting to make a conversational repair, the first strategy a young child might use is to:

phrase

a combination of words that are related, serve a grammatical purpose, but do not contain a subject and predicate

shade

the school-age child learns how to _____ conversations by moving from one topic to a different, but related topic

independent reader

readers who confidently and competently read on their own and when they are alone, pay little concious attention to the details of printed words but rather focus on constructing and maintaining meaning

emergent, developing, independent

the three broad categories of readers, in order from first to develop to last to develop, are:

the cause-effect relationship expressed in the conjoined clauses

the conjuction “because” is troublesome for the child because he must first understand ________

8

by age ____, true narratives emerge in which the plot becomes clearer and there is a definite resolution of the central problem

topic collaborating

strategy whereby one conversational partner matches the topic of the other conversational partner:

heap

unrelated statements connected by a common originating stimulus where information is simply chained together in an additive fashion without a meaningful sequence:

underground curriculum

styles of language used during the school day appropriate for interactions with peers

metalinguistics

ability to think about the language and manipulate the components of language, such as counting syllables and sounds in words, comprehend jokes/idioms, etc.

idiom

“It’s not rocket science” is an example of what?

-ing

the first grammatical morpheme to develop is ____

metaphor

“love is a battlefield” is an example of what?

simile

“as light as a feather” is an example of what

preparation, consolidation, differentiation, integration

the stages of writing, in order from first to develop to last to develop, are:

recount

the narration of telling of past events or experiences:

print referencing

during reading, when a caregiver specifically highlights and points out basic elements of print to direct a child’s attention to the form, features, and functions of written language:

proverb

“don’t judge a book by its cover” is an example of a:

stage 2

child begins use of negation, using questions and use of pronouns. MLU is 2.0-2.5. This child is likely in:

account

spontaneous description of an event or experience without prompting from an adult:

extension

a child says, “bird go”, to which her aunt replies, “yes, the bird is flying in the air!”. her aunt’s response is an example of a/an:

stage 4

child begins embedding which results in complex sentences, can maintain topic for more than 2 turns, and begins making indirect requests. MLU is 3.0-3.75. this child is likely in:

what, where, who, when, how, why

a child’s ability to accurately comprehend wh- questions emerges in which order?

phonological awareness

______ refers to a group of skills that includes the ability to segment setences into words, multisyllabic words into syllables and syllables into sounds

imitation

according to the behaviorist view, the primary strategy or way in which children learn language is through:

3

the sequencing of ideas into simple stories is a skill that generally emerges in what stage?

frontal

the ____ lobe is the primary area for reasoning, social skills, initation, and behavior.

cerebral cortex

the cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain and may also be called the ____

200-300

we expect that a 24-month-old child will have approximately _____ words.

the internal organization of words

morphology is concerned with

languages can die, all languages have rules, languages can add new words

which of the following are true about language?

morpheme

a _______ is a unit of meaning

they are lost

what happens to connections in the brain that are not used as often or not at all?

primitive speech acts

_______ were originally named by Dore in reference to the single-word stage, but the term could refer to a word, a change in prosody or gesture

nouns

early words of English-speaking children are predominantly _____

fast mapping

act of learning a new concept after limited exposure, commonly used by young children when acquiring language

phonotactic rules

the fact that no english words start with “rl” is an example of _____, which dictate the permissible arrangements of sounds in a given language

contingent responding

the caregiver’s interest in the infant’s communicative abilities & response to infant and the infant’s corresponding interactions such as smiling or cooing, are the two essential components of preverbal behavior. these account for ____

using a spoon as a doll

which of the following is an example of symbolic play

adult like prosodic patterns

jargon by definition, contains

protesting

a child says, “no, no!” when parent is attempting to put him to bed - this child is exhibiting Dore’s primitive speech act of:

true

there are differences in the way men and women communicate

true

it is reasonable to conclude that a more powerful biological drive exists for humans to speak than to read and write

true

the most dramatic changes in language development during the school years are in the area of pragmatics

true

we would not expect a child’s speech and language abilities to be better than the models to which she is predominantly exposed

true

virtually all of the changes seen in language development throughout the preschool years are elaborations of abilities that emerged in stage 1

false

the child is about 24 months old before she begins to form true imperative

true

children are able to understand some figurative language at age 3

true

word finding is a two-part process consisting of successful word storage and successful word retrieval

true

figurative language plays an important role in humor

true

as students advance through elementary school and enter middle and high school, writing takes on more formal purposes

false

most 6-year-old children have developed casual relationships in narratives including motivations for actions of characters and plots begin to emerge

true

we see gender differences in language acquisition as early as the toddler years

true

both parents, but particularly fathers, influence the development of genderlects in their children

true

children acquire pronouns in a progressive fairly predictable manner

true

speech and language development occur simultaneously in typically developing children

false

all languages organize words into grammatical sentences according to the same rules

false

parents have no trouble relating to infants with poor or absent eye contact

true

there are cognitive and perceptual prerequisites for early language

true

brown’s stages of syntactic development are widely used by language experts to describe the development of grammar

false

speech is the only mode of communication

false

narratives typically provide a rich language sample

true

two-word combinations represent the beginning of syntax

true

communication during infancy requires a directive and responsive environment

true

infant-directed singing occurs in all human cultures

true

babies actively contribute to their own cognitive growth as they observe and explore

false

language remains the same across time

true

the right hemisphere engages in holsitic interpretation while the left is best in step-by-step processing

false

the right hemisphere is not involved in linguistic processing t

true

the central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord

true

breathing for speech requires the speaker to have increased control of each respiratory cycle, especially the exhalation portion

true

speech is defined as dynamic neuromuscular process of producing speech sounds for communication

false

most of a child’s phonological development will occur between the ages of four and five

true

the function of the eustachian tube is to maintain middle ear pressure with atmospheric pressure

false

the study of speech sounds and the rules that determine how sounds can be sequenced into syllables and words is morphology

false

the two hemispheres of the brain are connected by a large band of fibers known as the bridge of corti

true

the process of myelination must occur in order for normal development to occur

true

syntax are rules that specify how words should be ordered to produce a variety of sentence types

true

the structures used for speech production are primarily use for other biological functions

false

speech and language development occur simultaneously in typically developing children

false

the pinna is a supportive structure contained in the middle ear cavity

false

all languages organize words into grammatical sentences according to the same rules

false

newborn babies can see clearly at birth

true

babies actively contribute their own cognitive growth as they observe and explore

true

there are cognitive and perceptual prerequisites for early language

true

nativists stress that all languages have rules for organizing words into grammatical forms

true

the human brain has a dynamic ability to change constantly as individuals learn, an ability known as plasticity, which reuslts in the self-organizing neural network

true

behaviorists believe language is learned because they do not believe language is unique among human behaviors

true

language represents the ultimate perceptual distance

true

humans can produce an infinte number of sentences

false

perception can easily be seperated from cognition

true

behaviorists argue that language is something that humans do, not something they have

true

the processes of accommodation and assimilation are complimentary and mutally dependent

false

short-term memory is a vital concept in the behaviorist theory

false

Piaget’s theory of development focuses solely on the development of cognitive language

true

pyscholinguists study language rules and use as a function of role, SES, and context