Juvenile, Immature, and Developmental Bone Diseases in Small Animals

What is the signalment for osteochondrosis?

Young rapidly growing large breed dogs

What causes osteochondrosis?

Failure of endochondral ossification

What are the radiographic findings of osteochondrosis?

Flattening or concavity of articular margin

Subchondral sclerosis

Mineralized flap

How does hyaline cartilage get nutrients?

Diffusion from synovial fluid

What are the predilection sites of osteochondrosis?

Caudal humeral head

Medial humeral condyle

Lateral and medial femoral condyle

Lateral and medial trochlea of talus

Osteochondrosis (dense subchondral bone)

What are the radiographic findings of osteochondrosis in the stife?

Flattening or subchondral defect

Subchondral sclerosis

Detached mineralized cartilage flap

DJD

Osteochondrosis

Describe osteochondrosis in the tarsus?

Most common on medial trochlear ridge

What are the radiographic findings of osteochondrosis of the tarsus?

Flattening or subchondral defect of trochlear ridge

Widening of joint space

Subchondral sclerosis

DJD

Mineralized flap

Osteochondrosis with a mineralized flap is what?

Osteochondrosis dessicans

Osteochondrosis dessicans

Describe panosteitis

Self limiting disease in large breed dogs that are 5-18 months old

What are the C/S of panosteitis?

Shifting leg lameness

What bones are affected with panosteitis?

Long bones

T/F panosteitis can occur with ED and OCD?

True

What are the early radiographic changes for panosteitis?

Increased medullary opacity

What are the middle radiographic changes of panosteitis?

Endosteal roughening, more defined opacities, mild periosteal reaction

What are the late/healed radiographic changes of panosteitis?

Hallow or lucent medullary canal, horizontal opaque bands

What are the C/S of metaphyseal osteopathy

Pyrexia

Malaise

Pain and swelling over metaphyseal region

Lameness

Can vary from mild to life threatening

What are the early radiographic changes of metaphyseal osteopathy?

Metaphysis of the long bones

Bilateral

Double physeal line

Metaphyseal lucency

Soft tissue swelling around metaphysis

Early metaphyseal osteopathy

What are the radiographic changes of late metaphyseal osteopathy?

Para-cortical/metaphyseal cuffing

Soft tissue swelling

Flaring of metaphysis

Increased metaphyseal opacity

Metaphyseal cuffing

What are the inactive radiographic changes with metaphyseal osteopathy?

Cortical cuff fuses with underlying cortex

Appearance of thickened long bones

Remodeling

What is the signalment for craniomandibular osteopathy?

Westies, scotties, Cairn, boston terriers

What are the C/S of craniomandibular osteopathy?

Mandibular swelling with pain chewing

Pyrexia

What are the radiographic signs of craniomandibular osteopathy?

Bony proliferation on mandibles, bulla petrous temporal bone, calvarium

Craniomandibular osteopathy

What is the signalment for calvarial hyperostosis?

Young bull mastiffs

What are the C/S of calvarial hyperostosis?

Pain swelling

Pyrexia, depression, nasal discharge, lameness

Self limiting

Similar to CMO

What are the radiographic signs of calvarial hyperostosis?

Marked thickening of frontal and parietal bones

Calvarial hyperostosis

What is the signalment for avascular necrosis of the femoral head?

Small dogs

What is the pathogenesis of avascular necrosis of the femoral head?

Compromised blood supply to femoral head causes subchondral bone necrosis while cartilage continues to grow

T/F avascular necrosis of the femoral head is bilateral?

False

What is Legg-Calve perthes?

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head

What are the radiographic changes of avascular necrosis of the femoral head?

Widened joint space from thickened cartilage

Increased opacity in the epiphyseal area of femoral head

Focal bony lysis femoral head

Muscle atrophy and secondary DJD

What is the earlies radiographic change from avascular necrosis of the femoral head?

Widened joint space from thickened cartilage

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head

What is SCFE?

Slipped capital femoral epiphyses of physeal dysplasia

What is the signalment for SCFE (sipped capital femoral epiphyses)?

Dogs and usually male cats the got neutered early

What are the C/S of physeal displasia?

Acute onset lameness, resistant to jump

Atraumatic fracture at proximal femoral physes

What is the best view to diagnose SCFE?

Frog leg view (VD flexed)

What does SCFE mimic?

Salter Harris Type 1 fractures

What is the signalment for patella fluxation?

Small breed and large breed

What are the abnormal imaging findings of a patella luxation?

Patella luxated on either side of the trochlear ridge

Shallow trochlear groove

Coxa vara/coxa valgra

Bowing at distal femur/tibia

Patella luxation