History 10: Chapter 9 Review

independent countries

• Liberia & Ethiopia

berlin conference

• drew boundary lines on Africa to divide the continent

• later, moved to establish control over these states

“white man’s burden”

• carrying the benefits of western civilization to other parts of the world

who explored Africa’s interior

• David Livingstone

• set up reports & christian missions in central Africa

Muhammad Ali

• led egyptian resistance to french invasion

• goal was to make egypt a strong power

  • introduced agricultural techniques & cash crops,

  • established schools,

  • set up textile mills/iron works/ship yards,

  • reorganized and trained army with new equipment

fashoda

• Britain versus France

• Britain believed, to establish control, they needed to dominate more land in Africa

• British encountered French base

• they were nearly on the brink of war

• French eventually retreated due to domestic affairs

slave gun cycle

• europe relied on african rulers to bring slaves

• africa exchanged slaves for guns/ammo/goods

• this exchange refers to the cycle

competed for south

• Zulu and Boer groups fought for southern african land

ethiopians

• citizens of ethiopia

refuge for slaves

• Freetown for slaves freed

• Sierra Leone was a safe haven for other freed slaves

• Liberia

• Underground Railroad (safe houses)

Boer War

• tension between boers & britain

• lasted 3yrs

• Boers surrendered

  • britain put boers into concentration camps

• under new constitution, only white men could vote

• Boers = majority of white population

rinderpest

• brought into africa by accident

• a cattle disease that caused 95% of cattle to die

• East Africans, many were cattle herders, found their wealth resource and way-of-life WIPED

• they died of starvation or suffered malnutrition

assimilation

• colonies are absorbed politically & culturally into the parent nation, used by France & Portugal

Britain indirect rule

• british governors and councils made laws for colonies

• but local rulers still had traditional authority

• britain had more colonies than the rest of europe, therefore they couldn’t control a huge empire without local help

profitable colonies

• tapped natural mineral & agricultural resources of colonies

• exported resources

• developed internal transportation networks

• cash crops

MATCHING: Tippu Tib

• African leader

• created strong state (eastern Zaire)

  • controlled a trade route

  • built strong army

  • conquered new lands

MATCHING: protectorate

• a country that has its own govt, but policies are guided by imperial power

MATCHING: Samori Toure

• ruler of empire (Seregal)

• signed an agreement w/ France in 1890s

• French broke this agreement, Toure fought back

• led his army against French for 7yrs

MATCHING: imperialism

• domination by one country of political/cultural/economic life of another country

MATCHING: Usuman Dan Fodio

• muslim scholar

• unified nomadic Fulani ppl

• led a jihad against Hausa ppl

• organized new lands into strong Islamic state

MATCHING: paternalism

• system where imperial power governs colonies closely, like how a parent would a child

MATCHING: Menelik II

• ethiopian emperor

• bought rifles/weapons & trained his army to use and fight with them

MATCHING: Great Trek

• Boers resented british rule

• headed north (inward Africa) in a vast migration to preserve their way of life

• had wagons

MATCHING: Shaka

• king of Zulu

• built strong military empire:

  • introduced new fighting methods

  • reorganized army

MACTHING: West African Patrol

• established by Britain after abolishing slave trade

• a naval force with orders to prevent slave ships from leaving West African ports

ANSWER: 2 motives for European imperialism

• Nationalism

  • a nation increased its prestige and power by winning an overseas empire

• economic expansion

  • industrialists urged governments to acquire new markets for products

  • also wanted to control supply of raw materials

  • people wanted personal wealth

ANSWER: the division of africa

• held conference in Berlin (1884-1885)

• drew lines on map of Africa, dividing continents and establishing control over these places

ANSWER: examples of African resistance to European rule

• Shana & Matabele fought 2 major wars against British

• Uhehe fought Germans for 7yrs (before facing defeat by European cannons and machine guns)

ANSWER: benefits of European rule

• newly obtained wealth from natural resources

• this wealth was used to develop colonies economically, created jobs where Africans acquired new skills

• European colonies improved medical care & sanitization

• new crops, tools, & methods helped develop agriculture

ANSWER: downsides of European rule

• economic & social traditions were destroyed

• close-knit villages, once the center of African life, declined—as many ppl moved to cities in attempts to gain wealth

• children were taught european, not african, history

• children were taught their parents’ beliefs and traditions were backwards