Grade 9 Chemistry and ICT Practice Flashcards

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the key concepts, definitions, and technical terms for Grade 9 Chemistry and ICT as outlined in the curriculum notes.

Sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$)

An air pollutant produced from burning fossil fuels that causes acid rain.

Carbon monoxide ($CO$)

A toxic gas resulting from incomplete combustion that prevents blood from carrying oxygen.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Pollutants found in old aerosols and refrigerators that cause ozone layer depletion.

Eutrophication

A process where excess nutrients in water cause algal blooms, which decompose and use up oxygen, killing aquatic life.

Composition of Air

A mixture containing approximately $78\%$ nitrogen and $21\%$ oxygen.

Mixture

A substance consisting of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together and not chemically combined.

Sublimation

The process where a solid changes directly into a gas upon heating without passing through the liquid state.

Deposition

The reverse process of sublimation where a gas changes directly into a solid.

Sublimate

The purified solid crystals formed when a vapour from a subliming substance touches a cold surface and deposits back into a solid.

Crystallisation

A technique used to obtain pure solid crystals from a solution, often used for heat-sensitive solids like sugar.

Saturated solution

A solution where no more solute can dissolve at a specific temperature.

Simple distillation

A separation technique used to obtain a pure solvent from a solution through boiling and condensation.

Distillate

The pure liquid collected in the receiver during the process of distillation.

Boiling chips

Small pieces added to a distillation flask to promote smooth boiling and prevent bumping.

Valency

The combining power of an element or a radical.

Radical

A group of atoms bonded together that behave as a single unit with its own charge and valency, such as $SO_4^{2-}$ or $OH^{-}$.

Diatomic molecules

Elements that naturally exist as molecules composed of two atoms, such as $H_2$ and $O_2$.

Reactivity Series

A list of metals arranged in order from most reactive to least reactive ($K$, $Na$, $Ca$, $Mg$, $Al$, $Zn$, $Fe$, $Sn$, $Pb$, $H$, $Cu$, $Ag$, $Au$).

Displacement Reaction

A reaction where a more reactive metal pushes out a less reactive metal from its compound in solution.

Neutralisation

The reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water, commonly expressed as $\text{Acid} + \text{Base} \rightarrow \text{Salt} + \text{Water}$.

Operating System (OS)

Core software that manages computer functions like memory, files, and user interface; examples include Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Mail Merge

A word processing feature that connects a main document to a data source to produce personalized letters or labels efficiently.

VLOOKUP

A spreadsheet function used to search for and retrieve specific data from a table.

Local Area Network (LAN)

A type of computer network that covers a small, localized area.

HTML

Hypertext Markup Language, used to create basic webpages using tags like $\langle html \rangle$, $\langle body \rangle$, and $\langle p \rangle$.

Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)

A health problem caused by repeated physical movements, often associated with poor computer posture.

Query

A database tool used to search for and filter specific information from a table of records.