Esci-REVIEWER

Volcanism

The process of volcanic activity, where molten rock, ash, and gases are expelled from a volcano.

Habitable zone

The region around a star where conditions are suitable for the existence of liquid water, which is necessary for life to thrive.

Radiogenic heat

Heat generated by the decay of radioactive materials in the Earth's core and mantle.

Greenhouse effect

The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere, caused by the presence of certain gases that allow sunlight to enter but prevent the heat from escaping.

Biosphere

The part of Earth where life exists, including all living organisms and organic matter that has not decomposed.

Minerals

Naturally occurring substances with a defined chemical composition and an organized internal structure.

Cleavage

The tendency of a mineral to break along specific directions and angles, resulting in smooth, flat surfaces.

Igneous rocks

Rocks that form from the solidification of molten material, either below or on the Earth's surface.

Sedimentary rocks

Rocks that form from the accumulation and lithification of sediments, such as sand, silt, and clay.

Renewable resources

Resources that can be replenished or regenerated over time, such as wind, solar, and hydropower.

Non-renewable resources

Resources that cannot be replenished or regenerated, such as fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) and nuclear energy.

Groundwater

Freshwater found in the rock and soil layers beneath the Earth's surface, stored in underground aquifers.

Desalination

The process of removing salt and other impurities from seawater or brackish water to make it suitable for various purposes, such as drinking and irrigation.

Soil degradation

The deterioration of soil quality and health, resulting in reduced fertility and capacity to support plant growth.