NVSC 401: Exam 1 Review

detection, tracking, and engagement

What are the phases of fire control problem?

mechanical, electromagnetic, transversal, longitudinal

What are the classifications of waves?

frequency, f (Hz)

rate at which the propagating waves expand and collapse

wavelength, lambda (m, mm, nm)

distance between two identical points on adjacent waves or distances

amplitude, a (m, mm, nm)

maximum displacement of wave from zero

period, T (time, s, ms)

time to complete one cycle

velocity, c (3*10^8 m/s)

speed that a wave travels

constructive, destructive

What are the two types of interference?

It amplifies waves (same phase, high to high, low to low); two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements

What is constructive interference?

cancels out each other (alternative phases, high and low together); when two waves overlap in such a way that they cancel each other out

What is destructive interference?

Extend the environment beyond our own eyes and ears

Extends detection capability

Not limited by visual interference

Over the horizon capability

Export data to fire control systems

Why do we use RADAR?

spreading, scattering, and absorption

What are the three types of signal losses?

Energy distributed over an increasingly large areas

What is spreading?

Energy bouncing off suspended particles within a medium

Scattering is going to be particulate size/radar frequency dependent

What is scattering?

Energy dissipated into medium

Molecules of medium absorb some of the energy as it passes through

What is absorption?

spreading

Energy distributed over an increasingly large areas

scattering

Energy bouncing off suspended particles within a medium

absorption

Energy dissipated into medium

Pulse Repetition Time (PRT)

Pulse Width (PW) + Rest Time (RT) = ?

Pulse Repetition Frequency, = (1/PRT)

number of pulses transmitted per second, give equation

Duty Cycle (DC), = (PW)(PRF)=PW/PRT

ratio of the time that power is on compared to the entire cycle, give equation

Rres = c * PW/2

What is the range resolution equation?

range resolution

a measure of a systems range accuracy

Unambiguous Range (Runamb)

The maximum range of a target can be that provides an accurate calculation of range

for targeting/tracking after detecting a target

Why do we use narrow beamwidth?

In order to search

Why do we use a wide beamwidth?

beamwidth

measure of angular extent of the most power portion (main lobe), determines the angular accuracy of the RADAR

Rmax=4th root(PxmitGsigmaAe/[(4pi)^2Smin]

What is the "Simplified" Range Equation?

Effective target area that reflects RADAR Energy back to the receiver

What is radar cross section?

radar cross section

Effective target area that reflects RADAR Energy back to the receiver

Determined by the target's material, aspect angle, size and shape

What is radar cross section determined by?

scan rate

how fast an antenna is rotated

Platform instability (pitch, roll, yaw)

Inability of mechanical systems to anticipate movement

Lag time

What are the limitations of servo tracking system?

Gyro

Tracking systems

Servo mechanism

What are the corrections to the limitations of servo tracking system?

acquisition gate, tracking gate, and turning gate

What are the track while scan gates?

electronic support (ES), electronic attack (EA), and electronic protection (EP)

What are the three types of electronic combat?

surveillance of the enemy

What is electronic support (ES)?

denies use of EM spectrum:

Jamming

medium modifiers

improving own-platform stealth

Destruction of enemy sensor systems

What is electronic attack (EA)?

protecting friendly combat capabilities against the undesirable effects of enemy electronic attack

What is electronic protection (EP)?

Electronic intelligence (ELINT)

Info derived from emissions other than comms (emphasis on radar)

What is ELINT and where is information derived from?

Communications intelligence (COMINT)

Info derived from communications

What is COMINT and where is information derived from?

Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), core intelligence discipline that intercepts, analyzes, and decodes electronic signals

COMINT and ELINT

What is SIGINT and what is are the parts of it?

Gamma rays

X-rays

Ultraviolet

Visible light

Near infrared

Shortwave infrared

Middle infrared

Thermal infrared

Microwave

Radio wave

From smallest to largest (or highest to lowest energy), what are the different types of waves in the electromagnetic spectrum.?

differences in heat

What does IR require?

some visible/ambient light

What does NVG and LLL sensors require to work?

electromagnetic, transversal wave

Classify a light wave.

mechanical, longitudinal wave

Classify a sound wave.

pulse width

What radar characteristic determines range resolution?

How do we direct EM Waves?

more efficient

What does directionality allow us to be?

detect, localize, classify

What is involved in the detection phase of fire control problem?

detect, locate, classify, track

What is involved in the tracking phase of fire control problem?

detect, localize, classify, track, weapon selection, neutralize

What is involved in the engagement phase of fire control problem?

Advantages: beam can move instantaneously, fewer moving parts to break, high data rates, instantaneous beam positioning, no mechanical breakdown, increased flexibility, "multi-mode" operation, air/sea search, fire control, multi-target tracking

Disadvantages: lost efficiency at high angles off array boresight

What are the advantages and disadvantages of ESA?

rocket

(Jones) weapon type that relies on a propulsion system and is unguided

bomb

(Jones) weapon type that relies on gravity and can be guided and unguided

missile

(Jones) weapon type that relies on a propulsion system and is guided

Torpedo has a propulsion system

Mines are supposed to be somewhat stationary

(Jones) What is the difference between a torpedo and a mine?

Platform: Arleigh Burke Destroyer

Country: USA

Weapons: harpoon SM, TLAM, ESSM, ASROC

Radar: SPY-1

Sonar: AN/SQS-89/53C

Recognition of platform:

Platform: Los Angles Class SSN

Country: USA

Weapons: MK-48 heavy weight torpedo, TLAM, harpoon

Radar: BPS-15

Sonar: sphere array, hull array, TLTA, FLTA, sail receive array

Recognition of platform:

Platform: MH-60R

Country: USA

Weapons: hell fire missiles (air to surface), MK 46/50/54 (air dropped torpedoes

Radar: APS-153

Sonar: sonar buoy

Recognition of platform:

Platform: Ticonderoga Cruiser

Country: USA

Weapons: SM, harpoons, ASROC, TLAM, MK 32 (lightweight torpedoes

Radar: SPY-1

Sonar: MFTA, TTAS

Recognition of platform:

Platform: E-2 Hawkeye

Country: USA

Weapons: M9?

Radar: APY-9

Sonar: N/A

Recognition of platform:

Platform: Ohio Class SSBN/SSGN

Country: USA

Weapons: Trident, TLAM, MK 48

Radar: BPS-15

Sonar: TLTA, FLTA

Recognition of platform:

Platform: LHD (Wasp)

Country: USA

Weapons: sea sparrow, RIM-116 (RAM), aircraft, marines

Radar: AN/SPS-48

Sonar: N/A

Recognition of platform:

Platform: P-8 Poseidon

Country: USA

Weapons: harpoons, light weight torpedoes, HAARM

Radar: APY-10

Sonar: Buoys

Recognition of platform:

Platform: EA-18G Growler

Country: USA

Weapons: AGM-88 HARM, AIM-120 AMRAAM, AN/ALQ-99 High Band Jamming Pods, AN/ALQ-99 Low Band Jamming Pods

Radar: AN/APG-79 Active Electronically Scanned Area (AESA)

Sonar: N/A

Recognition of platform:

Platform: Houbei PRC

Country: China

Weapons: YJ-83 Anti-Ship missiles, MANPAD surface to air missiles

Radar:

Sonar:

Recognition of platform (i couldnt find a good picture on quizlet):

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