World War I & Russian Revolution

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the key concepts, players, and events of World War I and the Russian Revolution based on the lecture transcript.

Militarism

The building up of a nation's military, usually featuring high government spending and aggression with neighbors, as seen in the example of Great Britian and Germany.

Triple Alliance vs. Triple Entente

The groups of the $6$ main countries at the start of WWI; the Triple Al liance included Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary, while the Triple Entente included Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Nationalism in the Balkans

Several Serbian nationalist groups formed in the early $1900$'s whose primary aim was to free Serbia from foreign control; their most tel ling act was the kil ling of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in June $1914$.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne whose death started WWI.

Central Powers vs. Allies

In the Central Powers, Italy switches side and the Ottoman Empire joins; in the Al lied Powers, Russia fal ls out due to its Civil War, but the USA joins in victorious.

Total War

The point when al l of a country's resources go into its military, usua lly including propaganda.

New weapons of WWI

Technologies created to kil l troops more efficiently, including Machine Guns, Long-Range Artil lery, Tanks, Airplanes, Submarines, and Poison Gas.

Trench Warfare

The strategy used by both sides during the war which resulted in little to no progress.

Battle of Verdun

A battle between France and Germany which resulted in many deaths on both sides and was won by France.

Home Front

Civilian activities to help contribute to the war, such as many women being involved in producing weapons and supplies.

Mass Production

The production of large amounts of supplies, including the weapons and supplies needed for WWI.

Conscription

When the country forces al l able bodied men to join the war.

Propaganda

Used to ensure that the people only got to know what their governments wanted them to know and in efforts to blacken the enemy's name.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

A type of naval warfare in which submarines sink boats such as vessels without any warning.

Zimmerman Telegram

A telegram sent from Germany to Mexico tel ling them to join the war and attack the USA; this caused the USA to join the war even without Mexico attacking.

Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points

A set of $14$ different points stated to create peace and prevent any future wars; it was declined by Great Britian and France, who wanted to punish Germany greatly.

Treaty of Versailles

A treaty made after Woodrow Wilson's $14$ Points was declined; it built a League of Nations but left Germany severely punished.

Reparations

Payments Germany had to make after WWI totaling $33$ bil lion dol lars in $30$ years.

Mandate System

A system where the Ottoman Empire was separated into mandates controlled by European countries; they acted like colonies even though colonies were not aloud.

Czar Nicholas II

The last Czar and leader of Russia during WWI who was responsible for the Russian Civil War and was overthrown.

Vladimir Lenin

The new leader of Russia under communist rule who overthrew the Russian government and changed the country's name to the USSR.

Bolsheviks

A group formed by Lenin which helped him overthrow the Russian Government.

Communism

A system where the government controls al l land and economic activities, as seen in Russia.

Soviet Union (USSR)

The new name for Russia after Lenin changed it.

Joseph Stalin

The ruler who worked his way to lead the USSR after Lenin died, ruling under a dictatorship.

Stalin's Five Year Plans

Plans to improve industrialization and production of iron, oil, and coal so the USSR could become a key component in the global economy; these plans al lowed woman to become equal to men.