SECTION 2 ART HISTORY 26-27

b4 maps, how did ppl navigate

oral history, sensory cues, stars

Native Skywatchers Program; purpose and between what 3 people groups?

create visuals of star knowledge; Dakota, Lakota, and Ojibwe

Aboriginals create songs for wayfinding to connect to what deities (name), what were such songs collectively called

Ancestral Beings; “The Dreaming”

Aboriginals created what type of songs for wayfinding?

call and response

indigenious rock art has been here since how many years ago?

10,000

B4 what year was the Rebbelib Navigation Chart created?

1892

What % of Marshallese territory is water?

98%

Themes of Oceanic Art? (2)

religious/ceremonial and utilitarian

around what year was Micronesia settled? and from which two geographic areas?

1300 CE, SE Asia and Polynesia

According to the resource guide, which foods did the first peoples of Micronesia bring with them? (3)

breadfruit, coconut, poultry

by which peoples was “Wakahuia” made by?

Maori

which three peoples created art for Europeans? and why was micronesian art less abundant?

Maori, Papuan, Polynesian. Not enough resources

How many miles of land and ocean does Micronesia have?

1050 miles of land, 2.9 mil miles of ocean

Where were the Marshallese enslaved in the late 19th century?

Hawaii

What year did the Marshallese become part of the German Empire?

1885

year Marshallese were part of Japanese

1914

What year did the Marshallese get independence?

1979

Approximate population of Marshall Islands today?

42000

Marshellese travel in fleets of (# of what device) for ocean travel?

25-30 outrigger canoes

What island chains are notoriously low lying for the Marshallese in ocean travel?

East Ratak and West Ralik island chains

Mattang Charts

diagrams of how swell patterns (dunung) radiate from islands

dunung

swell patterns used by Marshallese navigators

Meddo Charts

diagrams of small clusters of islands, used for local travel

Rebbelib Chart

stick diagram of the entire Marshall Islands Archipelago

what do bent sticks on the rebbelib charts symbolize?

dunung and currents

what do small shells on the Rebbelibs stand for?

relative location of small islands

Who discovered the Rebbelib from the resource guide? (Ship and person)

Naval Captain Edward Henry Meggs Davis, HMS Royalist

Out of the 700 items collected by HMS Royalist, how many are in the British Museum today?

141

When did the Fugitive Slave Law pass, and what did it do?

1850, must report freed slaves even in free territories

Who coined the term “self emancipation”, and when?

former enslaved writer Henry Bibb in 1853

Which historian said “fugitives had to be good readers and strategists” referring to the Underground Railroad?

John Michael Vlach

2 Images from the 19th century about “self emancipated” persons. (Artist, Title, Year of Creation)

Theodore Kaufmann’s “On To Liberty” (1867) and Eastman Johnson’s “A Ride for Liberty” (1862)

What does Theodore Kaufmann’s “On To Liberty” depict?

escapees running away, searching for slavecatchers behind them.

According to Resource Guide, what were slaves’ most essential wayfinding technique?

Stars

What was Big Dipper (the star), two alternative names

Ursa Major and “drinking gourd”

What star does Big Dipper point toward?

Polaris

What did the song “Follow the Drinking Gourd” refer to (speculation)

direction of Big Dipper

What was seen as the final obstacle to cross until freedom for escaped slaves?

The Ohio River

In Robert S Duncanson’s paintings, water symbolizes

Safety

What was Robert S Duncanson’s ethnic makeup?

Black and European

Robert S Duncanson mapped physical geography of what American city?

Cincinatti

Dawoud Bey’s subject matter was originally _______, later in his career it became______

comtemporary life, Black History

What was Bey’s first series with a “black history” theme? (Title and Date)

“Birmingham Project” (2012

What was Bey’s work “Birmingham Project” (2012)’s subject matter?

commemoration of 6 dead in a Baptist Church in Birmingham, 1963.

What type of art was Bey’s “Birmingham Project”

Portraits

Which two artists influenced Dawoud Bey?

DeCarava and Hughes

In Bey’s series “Night Comes Tenderly, Black (2017), what does it depict, and what media is it?

landmarks signifying the end of the Underground Railroad; black and white photographs