Unit 3 AP World

Land based, expanding geographically, utilized gunpowder

Characteristics of Gunpowder Empires

Ottoman Empire

Controlled the Dardanelles for power and also utilized gunpower to expand

Safavid Empire

Empire in modern day Iran. Shi’a Muslims, had tax system with Zamindars.

Mughal Empire

Muslim Empire in India. Sunni Islam. Had Babur and Akbar with great tolerance and powerful administrative feats.

Qing Dynasty

Manchu were not ethnically Han like the majority of the population. In China. Gunpowder Empire. Lots of conquest with gunpowder

Safavid-Mughal Conflict

Conflict between over Sunni and Shi’a islam that does NOT involve the Ottomans.

Songhai-Moroccan Conflict

Conflict over trade routes in Western Africa as a power weakened and another sought to fight to take its place and power.

Legitimizing Power

Showing the subjects who is boss

Consolidating Power

Taking power from other people to increase your own

Devshirme

Process in the Ottoman empire of selecting highly talented and educated individuals to serve in the bureaucracy and military

Janissaries

Men selected by Devshirme specifically for serving in the military and managing gunpowder weapons

Large bureaucracies created by things like devshirme and military expansion with things like janissaries

Examples of how empires managed their power

Divine right of kings, human sacrifice, qing rulers depicted as confucian, palace of versailles, and inca sun temple

Religious, art and architectural ways governments legitimized their power

Human Sacrifice

Process done by the Aztecs to legitimize their power through religion

Divine Right of Kings

Claim by European Monarchs for religious legitimization of power

Palace of Versailles

Palace in France that the Monarch used to force nobility to live there temporarily. Shows who is boss and consolidates power.

Inca Sun Temple

Big Incan Place that shows who is boss to the citizens through religion

Zamindar System

Tax system in the Safavid Empire that allowed local rulers to collect taxes for the national government to keep people happy because it was an Islamic ruling class over a majority Hindu nation

Ottoman Tax Farming

Gave the ottomans their income by allowing taxing rights to be bought out by the highest bidder

church was selling indulgences, martin luther wrote 95 theses, printing press spread it, people called for split, church formed council of trent as apart of counter reformation. still splti

What led to the Split between protestantism and catholicism

Martin Luther

Started the Protestant Reformation by writing the 95 Theses which were spread using the printing press

95 Theses

Work written by Martin Luther which started the Protestant reformation and was spread through the use of the printing press

Printing Press

Machine used to mass produce copies of the 95 theses and aided the growth of the Protestant reformation

Sikhism

Religion formed by both Hinduism and Islam. Shows continuity and change

They disagreed over Shi’a vs Sunni Islam and fought. RELIGION

Why the Safavid’s and Mughals clashed