Pharm ch 1 Information, sources, Regulatory agencies, Drug legislation, and Prescription writing

Role of the Dental Hygienist

• Medication/health history

• Medication Administration

• Emergencies

• Appointment scheduling

• Nonprescription medication

• Nutritional or herbal supplements

Sources of Information

- Printed resources

- Computer and Online resources (More accurate and up to date)

Drug names

chemical name: compound name

generic name: Ibuprofen

trade name: Motrin/advil

Federal Regulations and Regulatory Agencies

• Harrison Narcotic Act

• U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

• Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

• Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

• Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)

Development of a New Drug 4 phases

1: Small and increasing doses to limited human volunteers - Determine safety, biologic effects, metabolism, safe dose range and toxic effects

2: Larger group of human volunteers - Test effectiveness, any adverse reactions reported to FDA

3. A larger number of patients have the condition for which the drug is indicated. Safety, efficacy, and dosage are determined.

4: Post-marketing surveillance. - Toxicity

Preclinical testing:

• Animal studies

• Acute and chronic toxicity

• Median lethal dose

• Teratogenic effects

• Pharmacokinetics

Schedule I drugs

- Highest abuse potential

- No medical use, experimental and research use only

Schedule II drugs

- High abuse potential

- Written prescription, no refills

Schedule III drugs

- Moderate abuse potential

- No more than 5 prescriptions in 6 months

Schedule IV drugs

- Less abuse potential

Schedule V drugs

- Least abuse potential

- Can be bought over the counter in some states

Abbreviations and Off-Label use

- bid (twice a day)

- tid (three times a day)

- qid four times a day)

- gm (gram)

- prn (as required, if needed)

- stat (immediately)

- tab (tablet)

- ud (as directed)

Case Study

Toula Pappas is new to your practice. She is 40 yrs old and has three children. Because this is her first appointment, you must conduct the medication/health history. Mrs. Pappas takes esomeprazole 40 mg once daily. She also takes occasional acetaminophen or ibuprofen

1. What types of questions would you ask during a medication/health history?

- Why are you taking

- How many mg and why?

- Did you take your medication today?*

2. What is the importance of medication/health history?

- Prevent emergency

-Make sure of no dental implications

-Make sure no drug interactions

3. Where can you look up information regarding esomeprazole.

-Lexi Comp

-Drugstore comp

-Mayo Clinic

4. What is a good reference source for OTC medications?

-Lexi Comp

-Drugstore comp

-Mayo Clinic

5. Why might Mrs. Pappas take the OTC drugs?

-Pain relief