TEAS English Def

i before e …

except after c

-ing

-ed

vowel suffix

-ful

-less

consonant suffix

who =

always for poeple

that =

essential info, no comma

which =

extra info, always has a comma before it

affect =

verb (the action)

effect =

noun (the result)

RAVEN

Remember Affect Verb Effect Noun

o preceded by a vowel

add -s

o preceded by a consonant

add -es

homophones

words sound the same, BUT spelled different

homographs

words spelled same, BUT don’t sound the same

homonyms

words that are spelled and sound the same BUT have different meanings

proper nouns need to be …

capitalized

use a semi colon between …

closely related independent clauses

use a colon to …

introduce a list of items

use a hyphen to join two or more words that serve as a …

single adjective

a hyphen is used …

before a noun

a hyphen is used with …

compound numbers 21 - 99

direct quotes

uses speakers own word, put quotation marks

Indirect quotes

do not use same words of speaker, no quotation

Quotation are used in …

Titles of short works: articles, songs, chapters, episodes

What ALWAYS goes inside closing quotation mark

Periods and commas

Adverb

tells us how often how, when, and where

collective nouns

take singular verbs because the group acts as one unit

interjection

express strong emotion, followed by exclamation mark

positive adj.

base form

comparative adj.

comparing 2 things

superlative adj.

comparing 3+ things

Pronoun must match

antecedent in number and gender

Singular indefinite pronouns

Treat these pronouns as singular.

Plural Pronouns match …

plural antecedents with plural pronouns.

Ambiguous Pronouns

Avoid unclear pronoun references.

antecedent

the noun (or phrase) that a pronoun or substitute refers back to

Preposition

describes a place, time or direction

a preposition is used before …

a noun/ pronoun

Active voice

subject does the action

Is active or passive preferred

active voice

Passive voice

subject receives the action

Appositive Phrases

phrase that renames the noun right next to it, set off by commas

Parallelism

Items in a list or comparison must be in the same grammatical form

Subject complement

a noun that “renames” the subject

object complement

adds info about the direct object

Declarative sentence

states a fact

Interrogative sentence

asks a question

Imperative sentence

gives a command

Exclamatory

shows strong emotion

simple sentence

one independent clause, one subject and verb

compound sentence

two or more independent, joined by coordinating conjunctions

complex sentence

one independent and one dependent, comma is used

a complex sentence does not

use a coordinating conjunction

Jargon

technical language specific to a field used with wrong audience

Slang

very informal casual language

Colloquialism

informal regional expressions

Clichés

Overused expressions that weaken writing

direct object

receives action of verb directly

Indirect object

recipient of the direct object

imperative sentence

usually a command, request, or instruction

imperative sentences don’t need a …

subject

Past perfect verb

has, have, had + verb past participle

Past progressive verb

was, were, will + verb (ing)

Present perfect verb

has, have, had + verb past form

Present progressive verb

am, is, are, verb (ing)

Future perfect verb

will have + verb past form

Future progressive verb

will be + verb (ing)

First person

i, me, we, us

second person

you, your

third person

he, she, they, it

inflectional suffix

word meaning does NOT change

Derivational suffix

word meaning does change

Recursive Writing Process

Not linear