STS REVIEWER

Charles Darwin

Known for shaping our understanding of Biology and proposed the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection.

"On the Origin of Species"

The title of the book Charles Darwin published in 1859 that introduced his theory of evolution.

Common Descent

The concept in Darwin's theory that suggests that all life shares a common ancestor, and species change over time.

Adaptation

In the context of Darwin's theory, the ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment.

Fossil Evidence

The term used to describe the record of life forms that existed in the past, providing evidence for evolution.

Biogeography

The field of study associated with Darwin's work that explains why certain species are found in specific regions.

Sigmund Freud

Often referred to as the father of psychoanalysis and associated with Psychoanalytic Theory.

Psychoanalytic Theory

The psychological framework that suggests our thoughts, behaviors, and emotions are influenced by unconscious conflicts, desires, and memories.

Id

In Freud's model of the mind, the part that is instinctual, seeks pleasure, and avoids pain.

Ego

In Freud's model, the rational part of the mind that seeks balance and employs defense mechanisms.

Superego

The part of the mind in Freud's theory that represents moral and ethical standards and is a source of guilt and shame.

Psychosexual theory

The theory that describes how a person's sexuality and sexual identity develop during childhood, according to Freud.

Psychosexual stages

The stages in Freud's theory of psychosexual development, including oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

Claudius Ptolemy

Proposed the Geocentric Model of the Universe, where Earth is considered the center of the Universe.

Nicolaus Copernicus

Credited with introducing the Heliocentric Model of the Universe, placing the Sun at the center of the solar system.

Aristarchus of Samos

The astronomer who was the first to believe that the Sun is the center of the solar system.

Galileo Galilei

Invented the reflecting telescope, contributing to our understanding of the heavens.

Tycho Brahe

Recorded the movement of stars and planets with great precision.

Johannes Kepler

Formulated the laws of planetary motion known as Kepler's Laws.

Isaac Newton

The scientist associated with the Laws of Motion and the Law of Universal Gravitation.

Law of Inertia

The first law of motion, which states that an object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force.

Law of Acceleration

The second law of motion, often expressed as F=ma, where F represents force, m is mass, and a is acceleration.

Law of Action Reaction

The third law of motion, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Calculus

The branch of mathematics, developed independently by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, that deals with rates of change and accumulation.

Refracting Telescope

A type of telescope that uses mirrors instead of lenses to gather and focus light.

Universal Law of Gravitation

The law that states every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Allegory of the Cave

It states that our perceptions of reality are limited and can be misleading, and that true knowledge requires a willingness to challenge our assumptions and explore new perspectives.

Analogy of Divided Line

It states that there are different levels of knowledge and understanding, and that the highest level of knowledge involves the contemplation of eternal and unchanging forms or ideas.

Sphere

The shape of the Earth.

Rotation

The movement of Earth on its axis.

Revolution

The movement of Earth on its orbit.

Albert Einstein

Formulated the theory of relativity, which revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity.

Erwin Schrodinger

Formulated quantum mechanics, which explained the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels.

Stephen Hawking

His work on black holes expanded our knowledge of extreme cosmic phenomena.

Mandate of Indigenous People's Rights Act of 1997 (IPRA)

The policy framework for the protection and promotion of indigenous science and technology.

Indigenous Science and Technology

Specifically refers to the scientific knowledge and practices of indigenous communities, encompassing traditional ecological knowledge and spiritual beliefs.