Arch history final- VOCAB

Prehistoric

The era The Development of The written language

Megalith

Large stones or boulders used in pre historic architecture

Ochre

An iron oxide Clay used In many first peoples rituals around The globe

Menhir

An upright standing megalithic stone

Dolmen

Megalithic portal tomb formed by stacking stones

Curses

Monumental structures resembling long ditches/trench

Historic

The era after The appearance of written language

City - state

An automatous state consisting off City & surrounding territory

Empire

An extensive group of States Under One authority

Niche

A wall recess

Buttress

Masonry reinforcement applied to a wall to provide additional Support

Façade

The exterior elevation of avoiding

Pilaster

A rectangular column, engaged in a wall

Corbeling

Masonry that projects slightly from a wall & serves as support

Ziggurat

A stepped pyramid form used in ancient Mesopotamia as The platform For A religious building

Mastaba

An Egyptian tomb w/a flat top & slopping sides built over A grave shaft

SERDAB

In Egyptian tombs, an above ground chamber where offerings were placed

Obelisk

A stone monolith Square in plan w/sides tapering to A pyramidal top

Clerestory

Windows placed high in a wall, generally above lower roof elements

Axis

A line in which features are lined along , dividing A composition into 2 equal parts

Pylon

A massive entrance to an Egyptian temple w/sloping walls & a Central opening

Portico

A colonnaded porch

Colonnade

A linear Series of columns w/an entablature

Hypostyle Hall

A large Hall compose of many columns placed close together to support The roof

Labyrinth

A building W/ or arrangement of winding or confusing pathways

Fresco

A painting executed On wall surfaces by using pigments in wet plaster

ashlar

A smooth stone masonry laid so joints are visible

Torus

A convex semi Circle molding often seen at The top of columns

Abacus

On A column The stone Set directly above The Capitol

Cyclopean masonry

Walls made of very large stones, minimally shaped

Megaron

A simple rectangular space that is proceeded by The court

Tholos

Structure w / beehive dome over circular plan For Mycenaean tombs

Polis

The Ancient Rome city state

opisthodomos

The enclosed room at The bacK of A Greek temple used as A treasury

Naos

Sanctuary of A Greek temple

Pro Naos

Vestibule/ante chamber to ThE NAos

Orders

The trabbated system of architecture developed by The Greeks.
Doric, ionic, Corinthian

Entablature

In classic architecture, The horizontal element supports by columns

Architrave

The bottom portion of an entablature

Frieze

The horizontal element Of an entablature & below The cornice

Cornice

The uppermost element of an entablature, The overhanging molding at The top of A building

Stylobate

The base/step that colonnade temple sits

Entasis

Slight curve of A column which tapers toward this Of the shaft

Peripteral columns

Columns placed around All sides of a building

Pediment

Gable end of atemple formed by cornices

Hexastyle

Greek temple w /6 columns in A portico

Octastyle

A Greek temple w/ 8 columns across The front

Intercolumination

Space between columns

Caryatid

A statue of A woman used as a column

Flutes

Vertical grooves In The shaft of A column

Dipteral

A double row of columns

Decastyle

A temple W/ 10 columns On The from

Orchestra

In a greek theater The circular floor used For dancing

Agora

Greek markets & City government

Stoa

A linear building I'm Greek arc. Used For shops, with One or More rows of columns

Stupa

A mound of earth & stones erected over relics Of Buddhist culture

verdict

The fence around A stupa

Chatra

A triple tired umbrella form Set atop A stupa

Symbolic of A BODhl Tree

Torana

An elaborate entrance gate at A Buddhist shrine

SHlkhara

The tall curving roof that rises like an artificial Mountain In A Hindu temple

Tuscan

An Etruscan column

Terracotta

Unglazed fired Clay, usually For ornamentation

Antefix

Mold that terracotta decorations to cap off Etruscan roof eaves

Tufa

A porous rock from mineral springs used in Etruscan buildings

Cella

Inner room of a roman temple

Necropolis

Cemetery District modeled after A City sometime part of The City

Forum

Roman civic Center

Pozzolana

Cement from volcanos that Rome uses to make concrete

Concrete

Hardened stone made Of pozzolana lime rubble & water

Basilica

A large rectangular Hall used For administration in Roman architecture

Comitium

Large open air public Meeting Place of The Roman senate

Curia

An indoor Meeting Place of The Roman senate

Umbilicus

A cylindrical brick structure that is The Center of The Roman City & “umbilical” cord to The underworld

Insula

A Roman apartment

Groin vault

An intersection of 2 barrel vaults

Coffer

A recessed panel in The ceiling

Villa

A large rural Italian House

Quadriga

A chariot drawn by 4 horses

Pagoda

A Buddhist tapering tower W/ multiple roofs levels in japan& China

Duo gong brackets

A structural joint of interlocking wood, literally "cap & block”

Confucianism

Chines belief system based On morals, ethics & social harmony

Daoism

Chinese philosophy On harmony with nature

Siheyuan

"Quadrangle” residential Chinese compound wa Central courtyard

Caravansaries

Roadside Inns along Silk Road , hubs for Exchange of ideas

Minka

Rural Wood Japanese folk House

Tatami

Mats woven of rice straw, For sitting & sleeping

Torii

Japanese gate typically to A Shinto shrine

Shinto

Japanese - native belief around The relationship between Land seasons & humans

Ambulatory

A curving passageway around The Central space of A Christian Church

Baptistery

An octagonal building used For Baptistism

Mausoleum

Building For The tombs of important people

Nave

Central part of A Church basilica

Transept

N. & S. Arms Of the Church, perp. To the main axis

Narthex

Porch/antechamber of an early Christian Church

Liminal

Relating to The transition between 2 States Of being

Pendentive

An upright structure that helps The with Construction of A dome

Greek cross plan

A plan in The form of a cross

Revetment

An ornamental marble facing in Byzantine architecture

Minaret

The tower On A mosque that calls Muslims to prayer

Sahn

A courtyard in Islamic Arch.