10 Politics and Law EXAM
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20 Terms
Bicameral
Having two houses of Parliament (Australia has the House of Representatives and the Senate).
Cabinet
The senior group of ministers responsible for making key government decisions, led by the Prime Minister.
Concurrent Powers
Law-making powers shared between the Commonwealth and state parliaments.
Constitution
The foundational legal document setting out the structure and powers of government. Came into effect 1 January 1901.
Constitutional Monarchy
A system in which a monarch is Head of State, but their powers are limited by a constitution.
Cabinet (Executive)
The body of senior ministers responsible for executive decisions.
Division of Powers
The constitutional division of law-making between Commonwealth and states.
Double Majority
The requirement to change the Constitution: a majority of voters nationally AND a majority of voters in at least four of the six states.
Exclusive Powers
Powers held only by the Commonwealth Parliament (e.g., defence, currency, immigration).
Executive
The branch of government that implements and enforces laws.
Federal System
A system where law-making power is divided between a national (federal) government and state governments.
Governor-General
The representative of the Monarch in Australia, who performs ceremonial and constitutional duties.
Head of Government
The political leader of the country — in Australia, the Prime Minister.
Head of State
The ceremonial leader of the nation — in Australia, King Charles III, represented by the Governor-General.
High Court
The highest court in Australia; final court of appeal and interpreter of the Constitution.
Judiciary
The branch of government that interprets and applies the law.
Legislature
The branch of government that makes laws — the Parliament.
Parliament
The body that makes laws, consisting of the House of Representatives, the Senate, and the Monarch (represented by the Governor-General).
Referendum
A national vote to change the Constitution. Requires a double majority to pass.
Representative Democracy
A system where citizens elect representatives to make laws and decisions on their behalf.