Skin and Respiratory Diseases

Flashcards containing the vocabulary found in the lecture notes.

Epidermis

Surface layer of the skin made from layers of flat cells; outermost are dead and filled with water-resistant keratin.

Dermis

Tough connective tissue layer of the skin containing nerves, glands, and blood and lymphatic vessels.

Subcutaneous tissue

Supportive layer of the skin composed of fat and blood vessels.

Diphtheroids

Oily regions of the skin (forehead, upper chest, back) that are inhabited by bacteria.

Cutibacterium

Most common bacteria in oily regions; obligate anaerobes that grow within hair follicles.

Staphylococci

Salt-tolerant bacteria that use nutrients and produce antimicrobial substances active against other Gram-positive bacteria.

Malassezia species

Tiny lipid-dependent yeasts that are part of the normal skin microbiota.

Folliculitis

Inflammation of hair follicles, causing red bumps (pimples).

Furuncle

Infection in adjacent tissues of a hair follicle, yielding a boil.

Carbuncle

Large area of redness, swelling, pain, and draining pus, often found in areas of thick skin.

Coagulase

Enzyme produced by Staphylococcus aureus that causes blood plasma to clot.

Impetigo

Superficial skin disease with pus production.

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Toxin-mediated skin disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Clumping factor

Attaches the bacterium to fibrin, fibrinogen, and plastic devices

Pyoderma

A skin infection with pus production.

Streptococcus pyogenes

Gram-positive, chain-forming, group A streptococcus bacteria that often causes impetigo.

Mycoses

Fungal diseases caused by dermatophytes that can invade hair, nails, and keratin in the skin.

Mycoses

Diseases caused by fungi.

Dermatophytes

A group of skin-invading molds including Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton.

Otitis media

Infection of the middle ear.

Laryngitis

Inflammation of the larynx.

Bronchitis

Inflammation of the trachea.

Pneumonitis

Inflammation of the lungs.

Pneumonia

Condition where alveoli fill with pus and fluid.

Haemophilus influenzae

Gram-negative rod that is a common cause of pink eye, earache, and sinus infections.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gram-positive encapsulated diplococcus that is a common cause of pink eye, earache, and sinus infections.

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and fever caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.

Post-streptococcal sequelae

Complications that develop after streptococcal infections.

Acute rheumatic fever

Fever, joint pains, chest pains, rash, and nodules under the skin that can begin approximately 3 weeks after recovery from strep.

Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Fever, fluid retention, high blood pressure, and blood and protein in urine that can occur after a streptococcal infection.

Rhinoviruses

Most common causative agents of the common cold, members of the Picornavirus family.

Antibacterials

Antibiotics that are ineffective against viruses.

Analgesics, antipyretics

Medications that can reduce symptoms of the common cold but may prolong symptoms and duration.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Causative agent of tuberculosis, a slender, acid-fast, rod-shaped bacterium.

Tubercles

Granuloma that forms when lymphocytes wall off infected area in tuberculosis.

BCG vaccine

Live attenuated vaccine used in many countries to prevent childhood TB.

Bacillus anthracis

Causative agent of inhalation anthrax, an endospore-forming, Gram-positive, non-hemolytic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium.

Amino acid

Polymer composing the capsule of vegetative cells of Bacillus anthracis

Anthrax toxin

Cause pulmonary edema and cell death in inhalation anthrax.

Antigenic drift

Minor mutations in HA and NA genes responsible for seasonal influenza.

Antigenic shift

Uncommon event where concurrent infection allows mixture of 8 RNA segments, causing pandemic influenza.