UTIs, Antibiotics, Fungal, Parasitic Infections & Respiratory Medications

What is the most common cause of UTIs?

Escherichia coli (E. coli)

What is a complication of gram-negative infections?

Sepsis

What class is Clindamycin, and what is it used for?

Class: Lincosamide; Use: Skin/soft tissue infections

What class is Metronidazole, and what is it used for?

Class: Nitroimidazole; Use: Protozoal + anaerobic infections

What class is Gentamicin, and what is an important side effect?

Class: Aminoglycoside; Side Effect: Hearing loss (ototoxicity)

What class is Doxycycline, and how does it work?

Class: Tetracycline; Action: Stops bacterial protein production

What medications are remembered by 'RIE'?

Rifampin, Isoniazid, Ethambutol

What are Rifampin, Isoniazid, and Ethambutol used to treat?

Tuberculosis

What are important side effects of Gentamicin?

Ototoxicity → hearing damage; Nephrotoxicity → kidney damage

What is an important action of Doxycycline?

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

How can Histoplasmosis be prevented?

Wear a mask when gardening or disturbing soil

How can Tinea Pedis be prevented?

Wear shoes in communal showers; Keep feet dry

What medication is used for Onychomycosis?

Terbinafine

What medication is used for Cutaneous Candidiasis?

Nystatin

What medication is used for Aspergillosis?

Itraconazole

What medication is used for Oral Candidiasis?

Nystatin

What should be monitored with Amphotericin B?

Monitor renal function; Can cause nephrotoxicity

What is important to know about Nystatin?

Poor GI absorption; Works locally in mouth/GI tract

What are the manifestations of Scabies?

Severe itching; Rash

What medication is used to treat Scabies?

Crotamiton

What are important clues for Scabies?

Intense itching; Spread by close contact

What are the manifestations of Taeniasis?

Worm segments in stool

What is used to treat Taeniasis?

Anthelmintics

What are important clues for Taeniasis?

Proglottids (worm segments) in stool; Malnutrition possible

What are the manifestations of Amebiasis?

GI infection

What medication is used to treat Amebiasis?

Metronidazole

What are the manifestations of Malaria?

Fever; Chills

What medication is used to treat Malaria?

Chloroquine

What are the manifestations of Babesiosis?

Flu-like symptoms; Jaundice

What are important clues for Babesiosis?

Flu-like symptoms; Hemolytic anemia; Dark urine/jaundice

What is an expected finding in Lung Adenocarcinoma?

Difficulty breathing

What laboratory finding is expected in Leukemia?

Increased unhealthy WBCs

What are common manifestations of Cachexia?

Weight loss; Muscle wasting

What costs should be considered during cancer treatment?

Treatment; Transportation; Special foods; Loss of income/insurance

What is Tamoxifen and how does it work?

Blocks estrogen receptors

What are the key findings of Anemia?

Fatigue; Pallor

What are the key findings of Agranulocytosis?

Fever; Infection risk

What are the key findings of Neutropenia?

Infection risk

What are the key findings of Thrombocytopenia?

Bleeding risk

How can renal dysfunction cause Anemia?

↓ Erythropoietin

What can cause Thrombocytopenia?

Chronic alcohol use

What are the classic symptoms of Influenza?

Sudden fever; Chills; Muscle aches; Fatigue

What teaching should be provided for Influenza?

Handwashing reduces spread; Avoid immunocompromised people; Can spread virus even when feeling better

What medication is used for Genital Herpes?

Acyclovir

What teaching should be provided for Acyclovir?

Finish all medication; Call provider if not improving after 10 days

What important interaction should be remembered with Zidovudine?

Avoid with interferon alfa (toxicity risk)

What is Dextromethorphan used for?

Suppresses cough

What is Guaifenesin used for?

Loosens mucus

What is Acetylcysteine used for?

Antidote for acetaminophen toxicity

What is Phenylephrine used for?

Nasal decongestant

What is Nirsevimab used for?

Prevents RSV from entering cells; Used prophylactically in infants/high-risk clients

What causes airflow limitation in COPD?

Narrowed airways; Increased mucus

What is the goal of oxygen therapy in COPD?

Maintain adequate oxygen levels

What is Albuterol used for?

Rescue inhaler/pre-exercise

What is Ipratropium used for?

Reduces bronchoconstriction

What are Inhaled Corticosteroids used for?

Long-term control

What are Systemic Corticosteroids used for?

Acute exacerbation treatment

What teaching is important for Inhaled Corticosteroids?

Rinse mouth after use; Prevents oral thrush

What teaching is important for Albuterol?

Used before exercise; Quick relief medication

What does 'TINAs' help you remember?

TerbINAfine → treats fungal nails/scalp

What does 'MYCIN = ears' help you remember?

Aminoglycosides like gentaMYCIN can damage hearing

What does 'DEX stops the reflex' help you remember?

Dextromethorphan suppresses cough

What does 'Nystatin stays local' help you remember?

Poorly absorbed → works in mouth/GI tract

What does 'Tamoxifen blocks estrogen' help you remember?

Breast cancer hormone therapy