Life Processes Review Flashcards

A comprehensive set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering the Class X Science chapter on Life Processes, including nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion.

The basic and essential activities performed by a living organism to sustain and maintain life are called __________.

Life Processes

The process by which a living organism obtains and utilises food is called __________.

Nutrition

Organisms that prepare their own food using simple inorganic substances like carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll use __________ nutrition.

Autotrophic

A type of autotrophic nutrition where organisms prepare food by utilizing chemical energy, such as in purple sulfur bacteria, is called __________.

Chemosynthesis

In __________ nutrition, organisms depend on other plants or animals for their food because they cannot prepare their own.

Heterotrophic

Organisms like Amoeba take in solid food that is broken down inside the body, a process known as __________ nutrition.

Holozoic

Organisms that feed on dead and decaying matter, such as fungi, are called __________.

Saprophytic

Organisms like __________, ticks, and leeches live inside or outside a host to derive nutrition.

Cuscuta

In plants, the site of photosynthesis is the __________, which contains the green pigment chlorophyll.

Chloroplasts

During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy and water is split into __________ and __________.

hydrogen, oxygen

Plants store glucose in the form of __________ while humans store glucose in the form of glucose.

starch

Stomata are tiny pores on leaves that allow for the exchange of $O_2$ and __________ and the loss of water during transpiration.

$$CO_2$$

In desert plants, stomata open at __________ to take in $CO_2$ and reduce water loss.

night

In the experiment to show $CO_2$ is necessary for photosynthesis, __________ is used to absorb carbon dioxide from the air.

potassium hydroxide (KOH)

Amoeba surrounds food particles using finger-like projections called __________.

pseudopodia

Paramecium uses __________ to sweep food particles through the oral groove into the gullet.

cilia

The enzyme __________ found in saliva breaks down starch into sugars.

salivary amylase

The rhythmic contraction of muscles in the alimentary canal to push food down is called __________.

peristalsis

Gastric juice in the stomach contains mucus, pepsin, and __________ to create an acidic medium.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Bile juice, secreted by the liver, makes food alkaline and __________ fats.

emulsifies

In the small intestine, proteins are finally converted into __________.

Amino acids

The __________ are finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.

villi

__________ have a longer digestive system because plant food contains cellulose which is hard to digest.

Herbivores

Respiration is a __________ process where glucose is broken down to release energy in the form of ATP.

biochemical

In the cytoplasm, the 6-carbon glucose molecule is broken down into a 3-carbon molecule called __________.

pyruvate

Aerobic respiration takes place in the __________ and releases energy, water, and $CO_2$.

mitochondria

Anaerobic respiration in yeast produces energy, carbon dioxide, and __________.

ethanol

The buildup of __________ in muscle cells during vigorous exercise causes fatigue and cramps.

lactic acid

The __________ is lined with rings of cartilage to ensure the air-passage does not collapse.

trachea

The tiny balloon-like air sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs are called __________.

alveoli

__________ is the iron-containing protein in Red Blood Cells that has a high affinity for oxygen.

Hemoglobin

During __________, the ribs move up and the diaphragm flattens to increase the chest cavity volume.

inhalation

Fishes use __________ to absorb dissolved oxygen from water.

gills

Blood is a red-coloured __________ tissue consisting of plasma, RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.

fluid connective

__________ help stop bleeding by forming clots.

Platelets

__________ carry blood away from the heart at high pressure and have thick, elastic walls.

Arteries

The only artery that carries deoxygenated blood is the __________.

Pulmonary Artery

The heart is separated by a __________ to prevent the mixing of pure and impure blood.

septum

In humans, blood passes through the heart twice during one complete cycle, a process called __________.

double circulation

Fishes have a __________rd-chambered heart and undergo single circulation.

2

The __________ system is responsible for draining excess fluid from tissues and transporting absorbed fats.

lymphatic

In plants, __________ tissue conducts water and minerals upwards from the roots.

xylem

The process of transporting prepared food from leaves to other parts of the plant through phloem is called __________.

translocation

The evaporation of water from the leaf surface creates a __________ that pulls water up through the xylem.

transpiration pull

The biological process of removing harmful metabolic wastes like urea from the body is called __________.

Excretion

The structural and functional unit of the human excretory system is the __________.

nephron

Ultrafiltration of blood takes place in the __________ of the nephron.

Glomerulus

Urine is stored temporarily in the __________ before being released through the urethra.

urinary bladder

__________ is a medical treatment used to filter the blood of people with kidney failure.

Hemodialysis

Plants excrete gaseous wastes like oxygen and carbon dioxide through __________.

stomata