CH 12 MO

Which of these refers to the withdrawal of a positive reward, meaning that behavior is no longer reinforced and hence is less likely to occur in the future?

Extinction

Which of the following techniques reduces the likelihood that behavior will be repeated?

Extinction

According to Herzberg, _____ is an example of a hygiene factor.

pay

Highroller Casinos provides good salaries and benefits, including bonuses of up to 25 percent of annual salaries. However, the company has been criticized for not establishing an achievement or recognition program for its employees. Which of the following best describes the company in terms of the two-factor theory?

Good hygiene factors and inadequate motivators

_____ theory deals with employee's perception of fairness.

equity

A job design that incorporates achievement, recognition, and other high-level motivators into the work is referred to as:

job enrichment

_____ is a situation in which employees enjoy their work, contribute enthusiastically to meeting goals, and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization.

Engagement

Which of the following is the administration of a pleasant and rewarding consequence following a desired behavior?

Positive reinforcement

Carla's subordinates view her as a great manager. Not only does she get the job done, but she organizes the workplace in such a way that employees experience a sense of meaningfulness, connection, and growth. This is an example of employee:

Engagement

_____ is power sharing, or the delegation of power or authority to subordinates in an organization.

Empowerment

Which of the following is NOT a need proposed by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs theory?

1) Physiological needs

2) Safety needs

3) Esteem needs

4) Self-actualization needs

5) Compensation needs

Compensation needs

Nelson is motivated by a strong need for recognition and is continually seeking credit for his contributions to the organization. According to Maslow, Neil is motivated by which category of needs?

esteem

Bruce publicly praises his employees when they have achieved their goals. Bruce hopes this will increase the likelihood of goal achievement in the future. This is an example of:

positive reinforcement

According to Maslow, the highest order needs are

self-actualization needs

A(n)_____ refers to a reward given by another person

extrinsic reward

_____ is the extent to which doing the job provides information back to the employee about his or her performance.

feedback

Which of the following theories focuses on changing or modifying employees' on-the-job behavior through the appropriate use of immediate rewards and punishments?

Reinforcement theory

Frank is primarily driven by a need to establish close social relationships with other people. Alderfer would say he is motivated by:

relatedness needs

Which motivation theory proposes that needs must be satisfied in sequence?

Hierarchy of needs theory

Which of the following theories emphasize the needs that motivate people?

content

One of your fellow students is continually late to class. The professor has tried numerous verbal warnings and recently took points away from the student's grade. Based on the above, the professor's actions are consistent with which of the following reinforcement techniques?

punishment

Which of the following are high-level needs, according to Herzberg, and include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for growth?

motivators

Sally enjoys her job as a teacher, not because of the pay or benefits, but because she feels good about shaping the minds of tomorrow's leaders. Sally is motivated by:

intrinsic rewards

Which of the following is an example of a process theory of motivation

equity theory

Alderfer referred to the needs for physical well being as _____ needs.

existence

Which need describes the desire to be accepted by one's peer, have friendships, be part of a group, and be loved?

Belongingness needs

Denise has a desire to influence others, be responsible for them, and have authority over them. It can be described as her:

need for power

Jeff and Rob have a difficult time getting along at work. Most days, Jeff spends a lot of time cracking jokes and goofing off, while Rob constantly nags him and tells him to act like a grownup. On days when Jeff is more reserved, Rob does not nag him, hoping that this will result in improved behavior down the road. This is an example of which form of behavior modification?

Avoidance learning

A(n)_____ is an example of an intrinsic reward.

employee's feelings of self-worth

Katie dislikes almost everything about her job. The only reason she continues to work at Mace Autobody is the excellent benefits package she receives. Katie is motivated by:

extrinsic rewards

A recent study from the U.S. Department of Labor shows that the top reason that people leave their jobs is because they:

don't feel appreciated

The _____ involves whether putting effort into a task will lead to high performance.

E -> P expectancy

____includes all the activities managers engage in to attract and retain employees and to ensure that they perform at a high level and contribute to the accomplishment of organizational goals.

Human resource management

Which of the following components of the HRM system focuses on attracting and hiring employees who have the abilities and experience to help the organization achieve its goals?

Recruitment and selection

Which of the following components of the HRM system focuses on ensuring employees learn and build the skills and abilities needed to perform their jobs effectively both in the present and the future?

Training and development

Which of the following components of the HRM system serves a developmental purpose by providing employees valuable information about their strengths and weaknesses?

Performance appraisal and feedback

The _____ component of human resource management encompasses the steps that managers take to develop and maintain a good working association with the workers' unions that represent their employees' interests.

Labor relations

Which of the following laws requires that managers ensure that employees are protected from workplace hazards?

Occupational Safety and Health Act

The _____ restricts mandatory retirement and especially benefits older employees.

Age Discrimination in Employment Act

An employee needs time off from work to care for a family member who is ailing from a terminal illness. Which of the following laws mandates that she be allowed to do this?

Family and Medical Leave Act

_____ includes all the activities managers engage in to develop a pool of qualified candidates for open positions.

Recruitment

_____ refers to the process by which managers decide the relative qualifications of job applicants and their potential for performing well in a particular job.

Selection

When managers estimate the qualifications and numbers of employees an organization will need given its goals and strategies, they are engaging in

Demand forecasting

Instead of hiring an accountant, an organization decides to contract with a local accounting firm for its tax accounting needs. The process is known as _____.

Outsourcing

The process of identifying the tasks, duties, and responsibilities that make up a job and the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to perform the job is collectively known as _____.

A job analysis

A(n) _____ details the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to perform the job

Job specification

The tasks, duties, and responsibilities that make up a job are known as the _____.

Job description

Recruiting processes conducted by an organization to find people outside the organization who have not worked for the organization previously are known as _____.

External recruiting

_____ refer(s) to job changes within an organization that entail no major changes in responsibility or authority levels.

Lateral moves

Joe always ensures that potential job applicants are aware of both the advantages as well as the disadvantages associated with the position they are applying for. Joe's assessment of the position indicates:

A realistic job preview

Managers determine the potential of job applicants in performing particular jobs by evaluating their qualifications and previous job experience. This process is called _____.

Selection

An organization requires all job applicants to fill out applications with details such as their name, age, educational qualifications, and previous work experience. This organization is focusing on which aspect of the selection process?

Background information

Tim's method of interviewing involves asking applicants the same standard set of questions. What type of interview does Tim conduct?

Structured interview

Gathering background information, performance tests, physical ability tests, and references are all examples of _____.

Selection tools

_____ questions often present interviewees with a scenario they are likely to encounter on the job and ask them to indicate how they would handle it.

Situational interview

Tests that measure the individual characteristics of job applicants that are relevant to successful performance on the job are known as _____.

Personality tests

The routine selection process for becoming a law enforcement officer includes tests that measure an applicant's ability to perform certain job-specific tasks such as running stairs, dragging a weight, or climbing a wall. This is an example of a(n) _____.

Physical ability test

A manager attempting to select a test for a job applicant that will most accurately predict the applicant's performance on the job is primarily concerned with the _____ of the test.

Validity

Before creating training and development programs, managers should perform a _____ to determine which employees require training or development and what type of skills or knowledge they ought to acquire.

Needs assessment

_____ focuses primarily on teaching organization members how to perform their current jobs and helping them acquire the knowledge and skills needed to be effective performers.

Training

Which of the following focuses primarily on equipping organization members to take on new responsibilities and challenges?

Development

Due to the complexity and severe consequences of mistakes, pilots are required to undergo training in an artificial setting that closely mimics actual flying conditions. This type of training is called _____.

Simulation

Newly hired trucking employees of a courier delivery service ride with experienced drivers during deliveries to familiarize themselves with routes, timing, and driving conditions. This method of imparting training is an example of _____.

On-the-job training

In order to develop employees who can take on new responsibilities and more challenging positions, an organization provides a tuition reimbursement program to its employees. In this case, the organization is aiming to develop its employees through _____.

Formal education

____ refers to a manager's evaluation of a subordinate's job performance and her contributions to the organization.

Performance appraisal

____ is the process by which a manager shares performance appraisal information with a subordinate and develops a plan for the future development of that subordinate.

Performance feedback

_____ are used by managers to assess subordinates on personal characteristics that are relevant to job performance, such as skills, abilities, or personality.

Trait appraisals

_____ appraisals assess what workers are like, while _____ appraisals assess what workers do.

Trait; behavior

Organizations that focus on the actual outcomes of work behaviors rather than how the outcome has been achieved, are using _____.

Result appraisals

The behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS) and the behavior observation scale (BOS) that measures performance as perceived by the manager are often used in _____.

Subjective appraisals

In order to improve his performance and motivation, Scott's performance is evaluated not only by his direct manager, but also by his customers, subordinates, and coworkers. This is an example of a _____.

360-degree appraisal

An organization that officially fixes meetings on a particular day on a yearly basis between a manager and a subordinate in which the subordinate is given feedback on her performance uses the _____ method.

Formal appraisals

In _____ managers and their subordinates meet whenever the need to discuss ongoing progress and areas for improvement arises.

Informal appraisals

A broad comparative concept that refers to how an organization's monetary compensation incentives compare, in general, to those of other organizations in the same industry employing similar kinds of workers is known as:

Pay level

A(n) _____ clusters jobs into categories reflecting their relative importance to the organization and its goals, levels of skill required, and other characteristics managers consider important

Pay Structure

____ is an example of a benefit that is legally required and hence not optional.

Unemployment insurance

_____ are the activities managers engage in to ensure that they have effective working relationships with the labor unions that represent their employees' interests.

Labor relations

The act that made it legal for workers to organize into unions was the _____

National Labor Relations Act

Negotiation between labor unions and managers to resolve conflicts and disputes about important issues such as working hours, wages, working conditions, and job security is called _____.

Collective bargaining

A neutral third party called a(n) _____ is usually called in to resolve any conflict that may arise over the interpretation of the contract that spells out the terms of the collective bargaining agreement

Arbitrator