ANSI 3444- Final Exam

Presentation

Refers to whether the fetus is coming:

Anterior- front legs and head extended into birth canal

Posterior- both hind legs in birth canal

Position

refers to how the fetus is positioned relative to the mother/dam. (Dorsal is the only normal position)

Posture

refers to where the fetus limbs and head are in relation to its body

What species do not produce gel fraction?

Bull, Ram, and Buck

What species produce gel fraction and what glands are responsible?

Stallion- seminal vesicles

Boar- cowpers glands

Volume of Ejaculate for each species:

Dairy- 6

Beef- 4

Sheep- 1-2

Buck- .8-1.9

Boar- 225*-400

Stallion- 60* -100

Sperm Concentration for each species:

Dairy-1.2

Beef- 1.0

Sheep- 3.0

Buck- 2.56

Boar- 0.07

Stallion- 0.15

Total number of sperm for each species:

Dairy- 7 billion

Beef- 5.3 billion

Sheep- 3 billion

Buck- 2.05 billion

Boar- 16.5 billion

Stallion- 9 billion

Motility percentage of each species:

Dairy- 70%

Beef- 65%

Sheep- 75%

Buck- 80%

Boar- 60%

Stallion- 70%

Morphology of normal sperm percentage of each species:

Dairy- 80%

Beef- 80%

Sheep- 90%

Buck- 92%

Boar- 60%

Stallion- 70%

The higher the [BLANK] of sperm the lower the [BLANK] of sperm?

Volume, Concentration

Front leg

Joints will bend in the same direction

Hind (back) leg

Joints will bend in the opposite direction

Oviposition

Hormone surge causes the fully formed egg to go through a 180 rotation, from the uterus to the vagina. Surging hormones are: Mesotocin, argninie-vasotocin, and prostaglandins

What farm animal species has the highest sperm concentration?

Sheep

What information is on a straw of semen?

• when semen was produced

• sire name

• bull breed

• stud code

• marketing code

Functional loss of semen from the freezing/thawing process?

33-35%

Spermatocytogenesis

Spermiogenesis

Spermiation

release of sperm cells by Sertoli cells into seminiferous tubule

Spermatogenesis

Production of sperm

Fast Electrical Block

Change in membrane electrical charge of -70mV to 0mV, preventing addition sperm from fusing with the oocyte membrane

Zona Reaction

long-term prevention of polyspermy, by altering the zona pellucida from the fusion of cortical granules to vitelline membrane: hardening the zone like concrete.

Vitelline Block

Removes the receptors on the oocyte (vitelline) membrane for binding

Vesiculation

Creation of pores

Blood Testis Barrier

Cold Shock

Isocrupressic Acid

Syngymy

Fusion of pronuclei creates a diploid zygote

Breeding Soundness Exam

ZP1

structural protein

ZP2

structural protein (receptor) binds to the inner acrosomal membrane after the initial acrosome reaction to direct forward movement

ZP3

(receptor) binds to proteins on spermatozoa (10,000 to 15,000 molecules involved)

Anaorchidism

Both testis are absent at birth

Cryptorchidism

Lack of testis descent into scrotum

Capacitation

True Acrosome Reaction

Fertilization

Where do primary and secondary sperm abnormalities occur?

The difference in the length of Spermatogenesis between the farm species is due to?

The number of days it take for the completion of mitosis.

Vomeronasal Organ

Flehmen Response

What does CSS mean?

Certified Semen Services

What is liquid nitrogen evaporative loss and temperature?

evaporative loss - 0.9 liters a day

temperature = -320.4 degrees F

‘X’ bearing sperm contains how much more DNA than ‘Y’ bearing sperm?

2.8-4.2%

Reverse sorting

Taking conventional semen, thawing it, and then sorting it

Sexed Semen Accuracy

93-95%

Freezing mortality from semen straw

33-35%

At what time and temperature is straw semen thawed?

90-95 degrees F for a min. of 30 seconds

At what time and temperature NAAB semen thawed?

95 degrees F for min. of 45 seconds

¼ cc straws vs. ½ cc straws

¼ , have a large surface-to-volume ratio and are more temperature sensitive

What is sexed semen conception rate compared to conventional A.I.

60-70%

The Golgi Phase

• formation of the acrosome

• the centrioles migrate to the pole opposite the acrosome

The Maturation Phase

the mitochondria spiral around the tail, and excess cytoplasm is removed and is phagocytized by Sertoli cells

The Acrosomal Phase

• the annulus forms

• the sperm head begins to take shape

• the mitochondria begin to migrate to the neck (midpiece) of the sperm

The Cap Phase

• the acrosome begins to spread out over the upper ½ of the nucleus

• the axoneme begins to form the tail

Spermiation

The release of the sperm cell by the Sertoli cells into the seminiferous tubule

The number of days of mitotic proliferation in the bull

21 days

The number of days of Meiosis 1 in the bull

21 days

The number of days of Meiosis 2 in the bull

2 days