CHINA: Mao (1)+ Guofeng + Deng (2)

How did Mao become a founding member of the CCP?

He moved to Beijing to become the library assistant to Li Dazhao

Who/what country influences him to Marxism?

Lenin’s revolution in Russia

T or F? Even though Mao had to share a cramped room with 7 other studetns, he still felt Beijin’s beauty was “compensation” for his discomfort.

T

Did Mao go back home much?

Nope, left his mom and dad to eventually die

What kind of production did Mao create, taking inspiration for the Xiang River Review?

Vernacular literature, using common vernacular to target the average reader than appealing to intellectualism

What would he advocate for in the magazine?

For a “Great Union of the Popular Masses”

Support feminist ideas and the liberation of women across China

In June 1920, KMT member Yi Peiji and Mao over throw who? What did Mao become shortly after?

Overthrew the governor of the Hunan province, Zhnag; he became headmaster in the newly organized province marrying a second wife

The Chinese Communist Party was founded in 1921 as an _______ _______ and it helped its first session in Shanghai. There were __ people including Mao (later joined)

Informal network; 13

When Mao became party secretary for the province of Hunan, he aimed to build support for the party there through a variety of tactics. Select all that apply:

A. Sounding mass literacy movements and editing textbooks to include revolutionary sentiments

B. The Anyvan call mining strikes

C. Form schools and cooperatives

D. Wife would address women rights and help raise literacy in nearby peasant communities

E. Lit China on fire

ABCD

WHat led to Mao being invited into the Central Committee of the Communitst Party?

The Anyuan coal mining strikes

In July 1922, the Communist Party struck an alliance with the nationalist party still led by Sun Yat-sen (the KMT). Mao became what?

A. The propaganda chief

B. The head chief

C. The executive president

A

When Mao became the propaganda chief. Mao finally returned to Shawshank to discover peasants had seized some land from rich owners to form communes. How did he feel seeing this?

He was inspired by their actions and recognized the potential of their peasant masses

By 1921, Mao was forced to flee to Guangzhou. Why?

A. Because he was depressed

B. His wife forced him to

C. He needed to help cause reliance to the CCP out there

D. Suspicions growing around his growing revolutionary fervor

D

What would he do to these peasants in Guangzhou?

Drill the peasants as if they were soldiers and expose them to introductory left-wing texts

When KMT leader Sun Yat-sen died in 1925, his successor was Chiang Kai Shek. What did he stand for and why was this bad for Mao?

A leader who opposed the communist party in which Mao had so deeply rooted himself and even opposed left-leaning members of his own party ( he didnt agree with his new boss)

What did Chiang Kai Shek do in 1926? However, what did he do in 1927?

His National Revolutionary Army embarked on the “northern expedition” against Chinese warlords, a movement Mao agreed with. However on Chiang’s return in 1927, he and his forces turned their attention against the increasingly powerful communists (Mao)

In response to CHiang Kai Shek turning their attention to powerful communists, what did Mao do?

Mao placed his faith in the peasantry and helped create the Workers and Peasants Army of china (Red Army), beocoming its commander in chief

what happen in his Autumn Harvest Uprising?

It failed after part of his force defected to the KMT, forcing Mao to retreat to Jiangxi with only about 1,000 survivors

T or F? Mao did not rebuild his army is the mountain regions

F, he did

Who distracted the KMT as the Red Army expanded its influence?

Japan

All of this led to what?

The Long March, in which communist forces escaped KMT encirclement for a year. Despite losses, he would emerge as leader of both the party and army with Soviet support

After leading resistance against Japan, Mao defeated the KMT in 1949 and proclaimed the founding of what?

The People’s Republic of China declaring that “the Chinese people have stood up”

In what ways did Mao consolidate power?

• The Red Guards (young workers/ peasants joined movements, newer population grows up with this)looting homes, besting, torturing, killing, perception of teaches, enemies, mass rallies, dispersing the RG throughout nation to create chaos = controlling people with fear

• Not able to learn about cultural Revolution in school

• Millions starved to death and beaten to death for political problems

• History is fabricated and covered up

• Traditional artist were condemned as counter-revolutionaries and their work destroyed. A new style of art was required that supported the Maoist line and serve the worker, peasant, soldier. These image permeated all areas of everyday life and were produced on all manner of objects. Before they showed Chinese folk—> erasing Chinese culture

Who succeeded Mao? What did he do and call for?

Hula Guofeng; proposed the Two Whatever’s: “whatever Mao said, we will say and whatever Mao did, we do” He lost power to Deng

Great Leap Forward

Policies aimed for industrial China thru centralized economy not private

• collectivization and industrialization

• Common ownership (everything owned by state)

• Rapidly industrializes China’s economy..forced working ad forced production

• Agriculutral production

In order to catch up with European industrialization and entire country owned by the state (collectivization)= consolidation

Impact= famine, discontent form peasantry, 46 mill dead, droughts/floods, displacement bc they ere moved to a state land to farm w others in rural areas, pushed farmers to produce steel leaving to loss of money and food, Mao lost confidence from power bc of backlash, but didint step down; he tries to reestablish his authority that he lost thru the cultural revolution

Cultural Revoultiion

• Trying to reestablish himself with young Chinese workers/students; working against ideals of communism (like economic elites),

• Destroy the 4 “olds”= customs, culture, habits, ideas bring China in new age

Trying to eliminate those who spoke out against Mao and his changes (4 olds), solidified cult of personality and RG—> control narrative about himself and China= consolidation

Impact= 1 million killed, stray away from Maoism but still worshipped him, securing his legacy; people were sent to reeducation programs to think right, like Maoism; Little Red book=influential 2nd mot bought book

When the Cultural Rev died, who was in power and what did he call for?

Deng (chairman of china) proposed “Bduan Fanzheng”—> correcting chaos/wrongs and return to normal aka criticism of Mao, dismantle Maoist policies, rehabilitated victims, in addition to “four modernizations”, TRANSITION CHINA TO SOCIALIST OREINTATED MARKET ECONOMY

SEZ

Special Economic zones to experiment w reform, incentivize production in China using tax incentives, promotes trade and brings in foreign capital

What drove Deng to become active in politics?

During the Mary 4th movement, Deng participated in anti-Japanese boycotts. This desire to save china led Deng away from his hometown and joined the CCP

How did Deng differ from Mao?

Deng stressed the need to “seek truth from facts” unlike Mao who was a romantic idealist, Deng was a pragmatic realist. Markets, not willpower, were the key to chinas modernization

Deng and Mao we’re similar how?

Committed to communism

Why would Deng think Gorbachev is an idiot?

Because he believed Gorb undermined the soviet communist party without having in place an alternatative and legitimate system of authority.

How did dengs plan differ from gorb?

Deigns was better positioned to manage risky rfrom, spoke with a lapidary authority, defended CCP and way loyal while gorb was the total opposite

T or F? Deng stayed loyal to the governemtn even while making new policies.

T

What economic policy did Deng change in 1978?

He got rid of collectivzation and communes to switch to a market economy…this was for the better ( increases chinas GDP significantly because he developed China into a modern, industrial nation with free markets, allowing for trade)

According to each leader, east should determine China’s economic policies?

Mao: using communes

Deng: government planning and the use of free markets

How should a governemtn motivate workers to produce more?

Mao: launch mass campaigns of economic constructions; set goals for each commune and forces communities to meet those quotas or be punished

Deng: use material incentives rather than political appeals and punishments , allowed peasants to earn extra income by selling the produce of their private plots at free markets , encouraged decision-making on the local level and by individual peasant households as opposed

What should chinas relationship with foreign countries be?

Mao: self reliance

Deng: accelerate modernization process by stepping up the volume of foreign trade from japan and west. Focus on exports