med terms musculoskeleton pt 1

bone head

rounded end of a bone

condyle

rounded knuckle-like process, at the end of a bone

epicondyle

small rounded process above the condyle

trochanters

large and small processes for tendon attachments on the femur

tuberosity (tubercle)

round elevation where tendons and muscles attach on the humerus, calcaneous, and pelvis

fissure

narrow groove or slit-like opening

foramen

opening for blood vessels and nerves

fossa

shallow cavity in or on a bone

sinus

hollow cavity within bone

ethmoid bone

supports nasal cavity and eye sockets

frontal bone

forehead; part of eye sockets

occipital bone

back and base of skull

parietal bone

top and sides of skull

sphenoid bone

base of skull and behind eyes

temporal bones

lower sides and back of skull

lacrimal bones

corners of each eye

mandible

lower jawbone

maxillae

upper jawbones

nasal bones

bridge and septum of nose

vomer

nasal septum (thin, flat bone)

zygomatic bones

cheekbones

vertebra

single backbone; individual segment of the spine

intervertebral discs

pads of cartilage between vertebrae

cervical vertebrae (c1-c7)

the first seven bones of the vertebral column, forming the bony aspect of the neck. do not articulate with the ribs

thoracic vertebrae (t1-t12)

second set of the 12 vertebrae that articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs

lumbar vertebrae (l1-l5)

the third set of five vertebral bones. the strongest and the largest of the vertebrae, do not articulate with the ribs

sacral vertebrae (sacrum)

five separate bones that fuse in a young child. slightly curved, triangularly shaped bone in adults

coccyx

tailbone. formed from four small coccygeal bones

clavicle

collarbone; a slender bones, positioned anteriorly, one on each side, connecting the sternum to each scapula

scapula

shoulder blade; one of two flat, triangular bones on each dorsal side of the thorax

sternum

breastbone; a flat bone extending ventrally down the midline of the chest

ribs

12 pairs of ribs

true ribs

ribs 1-7. connect the sternum anteriorly and the vertebral column posteriorly

false ribs

ribs 8-10. join with the vertebral column posteriorly but join the 7th rib anteriorly instead of attaching to the sternum

floating ribs

ribs 11 & 12. completely free at the anterior ends

humerus

upper arm bone

ulna

medial lower arm bone

radius

lateral lower arm bone

carpals

wrist bones; two rows of four bones

metacarpals

five bones of the palm of the hand

phalanges

finger bones

pelvis girdle

pelvis; formed of the ilium, ischium, and pubis

illum

uppermost and largest portion of the pelvis

ischium

inferior or lower part of the pelvis

pubis

anterior part of the pelvis

femur

thigh bone, the longest bone of the body

patella

kneecap

tibia

larger of the two bones of the lower leg

fibula

smaller of the two lower leg bones

tarsals

bones of the hind and mid parts of the foot

metatarsals

bones between the tarsals and phalanges

phalanges

bones of the forefoot

bone depression

opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or as passageways for blood vessels and nerves

bone process

enlarged area that extends from bones; sometimes covered in articular coverage and sometimes serving as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments

cancellous bone

spongy, porous bone tissue in the inner part of a bone

compact bone

hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones

diaphysis

shaft, or midportion of a long bone

epiphyseal plate

cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton

epiphysis

each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate

fontanelle

soft spot between the skull bones of an infant

ligament

fibrous connection tissue that binds bones to other bones. bands, sheets, or strands located in and around joints

metaphysis

flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis and the epiphyseal plate

orthopedist

medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions

osseous tissue

bone tissue

ossification

process of bone formation

osteoblast

bone cell that helps form bony tissue

osteoclast

bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue

pubic symphysis

junction of the two pubic bones in the anterior of the pelvis, joined by a fibrocartilaginous disc

suture

immovable joint between bones, such as the skull

tendon

fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles to bones

trabeculae

supporting latticework of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone