Socio-Economic and Political Issues in the Philippines and Mindanao History

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the socio-economic issues, agrarian reforms, legal history, and cultural communities of the Philippines and Mindanao as discussed in the lecture transcript.

Monastic supremacy (Frailocracy)

The dominance of friars in the Philippines where they controlled religion, political life, and economic life.

Divide-and-control strategy

A tactic used by friars to present themselves as mediators between rebellion and tyranny to create fear and misunderstanding between the government and the people.

Sanctorum

A specific type of tax that required contributions for religious activities and church construction.

Polo y servicios

A system of forced labor imposed on Filipino men to render labor for the state.

Tax Reform of 1884

A reform that replaced the tributo with the cedula tax and reduced the burden of forced labor.

Agrarian reform

The restructuring of land ownership to provide land to farmers, promote social justice, and improve the quality of life.

Encomienda

A system introduced during the Spanish period that shifted land control to encomenderos and contributed to land inequality.

Friar lands

Large areas of land acquired by friars, often taken from Filipinos, which led to resistance such as the agrarian revolt of 1745 to 1746.

Land Registration Act of 1902

An American-period law intended to address land issues that failed because many Filipinos lacked the awareness and resources to register land.

Constitution

The highest law of the land that defines how the government operates and protects the rights of citizens.

Malolos Constitution

An early constitution that emphasized sovereignty comes from the people and introduced a republican system.

1935 Constitution

The constitution that established a presidential system with a clear separation of powers.

1973 Constitution

A constitution that introduced parliamentary elements and saw power centralized in one leader during martial law.

1987 Constitution

The constitution that restored democracy after authoritarian rule, emphasizing checks and balances and social justice.

Local history

The examination of community-based historical development in small areas like barangays or towns, focusing on lived experiences rather than broad national narratives.

Interpretation

The meaning derived from examining historical evidence, requiring students to compare accounts and evaluate credibility.

Primary source

A source that comes from a direct witness or participant of an event, such as diaries, letters, or oral testimonies.

Bias

A historical occurrence where events are presented using only one group's viewpoint.

Kuta wato

The original term from which the name of Cotabato City is derived.

Museums

Institutions that collect, preserve, research, and display objects representing human history, culture, science, and society.

Curator

The person who manages and organizes museum collections and exhibits, making interpretive decisions that shape audience understanding.

Public history

A method of presenting history that prioritizes accessibility to the general public through storytelling and visuals while maintaining scholarly foundations.

Material culture

Physical objects such as tools, clothing, artworks, and weapons that serve as direct evidence of past human life.

Regional museums

Museums that focus on preserving local identity and community narratives.

Lumad

Indigenous cultural communities in Mindanao who are neither Muslim nor Christian and struggle for ancestral land rights.

Bagobo

A Lumad group known for practicing slash-and-burn farming and their epic poems.

B’laan

A Lumad group known for traditional burial practices involving the use of tree bark.

Badjao

A sea-dwelling Muslim community in Mindanao known for fishing and living on boats.

Yakan

A Muslim group from Basilan that combines Islamic and traditional beliefs.