[CLINICAL PHARMACY] - Hematology - Types of Anemia

Proverbs 16:3

1. Hypo-proliferative

2. Defective Nuclear Maturation

3. Increased Destruction

4. Abnormal Production

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Types of anemia include _____ [4]

● Marrow Failure

● Renal Failure

● Malabsorption of Iron

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Hypo-proliferative anemias are caused by _____ [3]

● Aplastic Anemia

● Iron Deficiency Anemia

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Hypo-proliferative anemias include _____ [2]

c. Aplastic anemia

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Most serious blood dyscrasia

a. Hemolytic anemia
b. Iron deficiency anemia
c. Aplastic anemia
d. Megaloblastic anemia

c. Aplastic anemia

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

_________-

• This is characterized by severe marrow aplasia leading or pancytopenia (reduction of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets)

• This can be drug-induced (e.g., Chloramphenicol, Felbamate, Phenylbutazone)

a. Hemolytic anemia
b. Iron deficiency anemia
c. Aplastic anemia
d. Megaloblastic anemia

c. Aplastic anemia

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

This anemia can be drug-induced (e.g., Chloramphenicol, Felbamate, Phenylbutazone).

a. Hemolytic anemia
b. Iron deficiency anemia
c. Aplastic anemia
d. Megaloblastic anemia

● Chloramphenicol

● Felbamate

● Phenylbutazone

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Drugs that can cause aplastic anemia [3]

b. Erythropoietin

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

The kidneys produce _____ which signals the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.

a. Thrombopoietin
b. Erythropoietin
c. Renin
d. Aldosterone

a. True

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Renal failure leads to decreased erythropoietin, which results in decreased RBC proliferation

a. True

b. False

b. Iron deficiency anemia

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Characterized by RBCs that are:

• Microcytic

• Hypochromic

a. Hemolytic anemia
b. Iron deficiency anemia
c. Aplastic anemia
d. Megaloblastic anemia

b. Fe²⁺ (Ferrous)

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

The form of iron absorbed in the body is:

a. Fe³⁺ (Ferric)
b. Fe²⁺ (Ferrous)
c. Ferritin
d. Transferrin

• Vitamin C

• Gastric acid

• Copper

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Iron (Fe²⁺) absorption is enhanced by _____ [3]

a. Presence of food

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Iron absorption is reduced by the:

a. Presence of food
b. Presence of Vitamin C
c. Presence of gastric acid
d. Presence of copper

Iron Deficiency Anemia

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

This anemia is caused by:

● Blood loss

● Malabsorption

● Blood loss

● Malabsorption

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Iron Deficiency Anemia is caused by ______ [2]

● Restless Leg Syndrome

● Frequent Headache

● Increased Cold Sensitivity

● Brittle Nails

● Hair Loss

● Depression

● Shortness of Breath (SOB)

● Fatigue and Tiredness

📌Mnemonic: “RFIB” “HDSF”

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Signs and symptoms of Iron Deficiency Anemia [8]

● Megaloblastic Anemia

● Pernicious Anemia

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Anemias caused by defective nuclear maturation include ____ [2]

b. Megaloblastic anemia

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Characterized by defective nuclear maturation resulting in RBCs that are:

• Macrocytic

• Normochromic

a. Iron deficiency anemia
b. Megaloblastic anemia
c. Aplastic anemia
d. Hemolytic anemia

b. Megaloblastic anemia

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

This anemia is caused by Vit B9 (Folic Acid) and Vit B12 (Cyanocobalamin)

a. Iron deficiency anemia
b. Megaloblastic anemia
c. Aplastic anemia
d. Hemolytic anemia

• Vit B9 (Folic Acid)

• Vit B12 (Cyanocobalamin)

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Megaloblastic Anemia is caused by Vitamin ____ deficiency.

a. Vit B1 and B2
b. Vit B6 and B9
c. Vit B9 (Folic Acid) and B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
d. Vit B3 and B5

c. Vitamin B12 deficiency

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

______ can be caused by pernicious anemia, an autoimmune disease where parietal cells are attacked, leading to decreased

a. Iron deficiency anemia
b. Vitamin B9 deficiency
c. Vitamin B12 deficiency
d. Vitamin B6 deficiency

c. Pernicious anemia

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

An autoimmune disease where parietal cells are attacked, leading to decreased Intrinsic factor which are needed for Vit B12 absorption
a. Hemolytic anemia
b. Aplastic anemia
c. Pernicious anemia
d. Sickle cell anemia

b. Schilling test

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Used to evaluate vitamin B12 absorption.

a. Coombs test
b. Schilling test
c. Bone marrow biopsy
d. Peripheral blood smear

d. Hemolytic anemia

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Anemias caused by increased destruction include _____ [1]

a. Hemolytic anemia

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Characterized by RBCs that are:

• Normocytic

• Normochromic

a. Hemolytic anemia
b. Aplastic anemia
c. Pernicious anemia
d. Sickle cell anemia

Hemolytic Anemia

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

_________-

• Anemia where red blood cells are destroyed faster than the bone marrow

• This can be caused by inherited conditions: Sickle cell Anemia, Thalassemia, G6P deficiency.

a. Hemolytic anemia
b. Aplastic anemia
c. Pernicious anemia
d. Sickle cell anemia

Hemolytic Anemia

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Anemia caused by inherited conditions: Sickle cell Anemia, Thalassemia, G6P deficiency.

a. Hemolytic anemia
b. Aplastic anemia
c. Pernicious anemia
d. Sickle cell anemia

● Sickle Cell Anemia

● Thalassemia

● G6P Deficiency

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Inherited conditions that can cause hemolytic anemia [3]

c. G6P Deficiency

________ increases risk of hemolysis especially when patients are exposed with oxidative drugs like:

• Methyldopa

• Methylene Blue

• Naphthalene

• Aspirin

a. Sickle Cell Anemia

b. Thalassemia

c. G6P Deficiency

• Methyldopa

• Methylene Blue

• Naphthalene

• Aspirin

G6P Deficiency increases risk of hemolysis especially when patients are exposed with oxidative drugs like _____ [4]

b. Coombs test (Antiglobulin test)

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

This diagnostic test detects hemolytic anemia

a. Schilling test
b. Coombs test (Antiglobulin test)
c. Bone marrow biopsy
d. Iron studies

b. Coombs test (Antiglobulin test)

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Important in patients taking Methyldopa
b. Coombs test (Antiglobulin test)
c. Bone marrow biopsy
d. Iron studies

b. Positive Coombs test

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]
Methyldopa causes:

a. Negative Coombs test
b. Positive Coombs test
c. Normal Coombs test
d. False negative Coombs test

● Methyldopa

● Acetaminophen

● Antibiotics (Cefalexin, Ceftriaxone, Penicillin, Ampicillin , Methicillin)

● Chlorpromazine

● Ibuprofen

● Procainamide

● Interferon Alpha

● Quinidine

● Rifampin

📌Mnemonic: “MAACIPIQR”

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Drugs that can cause hemolytic anemia [8]

● Sickle Cell Anemia

● Thalassemia

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

Anemias caused by abnormal production /destruction of RBCs [2]

a. Sickle Cell Anemia

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

An inherited hemoglobin disorder characterized by uncharged hemoglobin that causes polymerization and aggregation.

a. Sickle Cell Anemia

b. Thalassemia

b. Thalassemia

[TYPES OF ANEMIA]

An inherited hemoglobin disorder characterized by beta globin deficiency and microcytic, hypochromic RBCs.

a. Sickle Cell Anemia

b. Thalassemia