BIO 215 Enzymes

Oxidoreductases

oxidation-reduction reactions

transferases

transfer of functional groups from one molecule to another

hydrolases

hydrolytic cleavage of one molecule into 2 molecules

lyases

removal of a group from, or addition or a group to, a molecule with rearrangement of electrons

isomerases

movement of a functional group within a molecule

ligases

joining of two molecules to form a single molecule

nucleases

type of hydrolase

break down nucleic acid by hydrolyzing bonds between nucleotides

Ex: exonuclease I

Proteases (aka Peptidases/Proteinases)

type of hydrolase

break down proteins by hydrolyzing bonds between amino acids

Ex: carboxypeptidase A

synthases

type of ligase

synthesize molecules in anabolic reactions by condensing two smaller molecules together

phosphorylase

type of transferase

catalyze the addition of phosphate groups to molecules involving inorganic phosphate

ex: glycogen phosphorylase

kinases

type of transferase

catalyze the addition of phosphate groups to target molecules involving involving ATP

protein kinases

type of kinase

important groups of kinases that attach phosphate groups to protein targets

phosphatases

type of hydrolase

catalyze the hydrolytic removal of phosphate groups from target

ATPases

type of hydrolase

hydrolyze ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate

ATP synthases

type of synthase

synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate