chapter 1 matter

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and occupies space

What are particles of matter?

Tiny units that make up matter

What property proves matter occupies space?

Volume

What property proves matter has mass?

Weight

What is kinetic energy?

Energy of motion

What happens to KE when temperature increases?

It increases

What are intermolecular forces?

Forces between particles

What happens to force when distance increases?

It decreases

What is diffusion?

Intermixing of particles

Why does diffusion occur?

Due to random motion

What is compressibility?

Ability to reduce volume

Which state is most compressible?

Gas

Which state has maximum density?

Solid

Which state has minimum density?

Gas

What is volume?

Space occupied by matter

What is mass?

Amount of matter

What happens to particles on heating?

Move faster

What happens on cooling?

Particles slow down

What is random motion?

Movement in all directions

What is Brownian motion?

Random motion of particles in fluid

What are the three states of matter?

Solid, liquid, gas

Which state has fixed shape and volume?

Solid

Which state has fixed volume only?

Liquid

Which state has no fixed shape or volume?

Gas

Why do solids have fixed shape?

Strong forces

Why do liquids flow?

Particles slide

Why do gases expand?

Weak forces

Which state diffuses fastest?

Gas

Why is diffusion slow in liquids?

Less space

Why no diffusion in solids?

Particles fixed

Which state has strongest attraction?

Solid

Which state has weakest attraction?

Gas

Which state fills entire container?

Gas

Why are gases low density?

Large spaces

Why are solids rigid?

Fixed positions

Why are liquids not rigid?

Particles move

What gives solids high density?

Closely packed particles

What allows gases to compress?

Empty spaces

Which state shows surface?

Liquid

Which state has maximum movement?

Gas

What is fusion?

Solid to liquid

What is freezing?

Liquid to solid

What is vaporisation?

Liquid to gas

What is condensation?

Gas to liquid

What is sublimation?

Solid to gas

What is deposition?

Gas to solid

What is latent heat?

Heat without temp change

What is latent heat of fusion?

Solid to liquid heat

What is latent heat of vaporisation?

Liquid to gas heat

Why temp remains constant in change?

Energy breaks forces

What happens during melting?

Particles loosen

What happens during boiling?

Rapid vaporisation

What happens during condensation?

Energy released

Why do solids melt?

Gain energy

Why do gases condense?

Lose energy

What is boiling point?

Temp of boiling

What is melting point?

Temp of melting

What increases rate of evaporation?

Temperature

What decreases evaporation?

High humidity

What increases evaporation?

Larger surface area

What is evaporation?

Surface vaporisation

Where does evaporation occur?

Surface

Why does evaporation cause cooling?

Absorbs heat

Example of cooling effect?

Sweating

Why do we feel cool after bath?

Evaporation

What does kinetic theory explain?

Behaviour of matter

What are main assumptions?

Tiny particles, motion, forces

Are particles always moving?

Yes

Do particles attract each other?

Yes

What determines state of matter?

KE + forces

What happens when KE > force?

Gas forms

What happens when force > KE?

Solid forms

Why do gases move freely?

High KE

Why do solids vibrate?

Limited motion

Why does temperature affect state?

Changes KE

What is a gas?

Naturally gaseous substance

What is vapour?

Gas form of liquid/solid

Example of gas?

Oxygen

Example of vapour?

Water vapour

Can vapour be liquefied easily?

Yes

Why are gases hard to liquefy?

High KE

What is sublimation example?

Camphor

What is deposition example?

Frost

Why do naphthalene balls shrink?

Sublimation

What is interconversion?

Change of states

What is law of conservation of mass?

Mass constant

Who proposed it?

Lavoisier

What happens to mass in reaction?

Remains same

Example of conservation law?

Chemical reaction

Why is LPG stored as liquid?

Easy storage

Why is oxygen liquefied?

Storage/transport

Use of steam?

Turbines

Why do gases exert pressure?

Collisions

Why does volume decrease on pressure?

Particles come closer

What causes pressure in gases?

Continuous collisions