APHUG unit 4

State

Has a permanent population defined borders, a sovereign government, and is recognized by other states

Sovereignty

The government has control over its domestic affairs and international affairs

Nation

A group of people with a shared culture, language, history, homeland, and self-determination

Self-determination

A desire to govern oneself

Decolonization

The process of which a colony becomes independent of the original country

Defined boundary

Agreed-upon or set

Delimited boundary

Process of drawing boundaries

Demarcated boundary

Marking a boundary with a wall or sign

Territorial zone (UNCLOS)

12 nautical miles for passage of ships

Continuous zone (UNCLOS)

12 to 24 nautical miles where states can control pollution and immigration

Exclusive economic zone (UNCLOS)

24 to 200 nautical miles where states control natural resources

International waters

More than 200 nautical miles out from land where states have no control

Cracking (gerrymandering)

Spreading like-minded voters across multiple districts (dissolving them)

Packing (gerrymandering)

Like-minded voters packed into a few districts to reduce impact

Unitary state

Most power in the national government

Federal state

A government in which political power is shared between central and regional areas

Devolution

The transfer of power from national government to regional or local government

Ethnic cleansing

People attacking a group, often violently

Centrifugal force

Dividing/push factor

Centripetal force

Uniting and unifying/pull factor